最新介绍三孔的导游词【精彩7篇】

曲阜孔庙则是祭祀孔子的礼制庙宇。这座全球规模最大的孔庙，气势雄伟、金碧辉煌，与北京故宫、承德避暑山庄并称中国三大古建筑群。1994年，与孔府、孔林一起被列入“世界文化遗产名录”。这次帅气的小编为您整理了7篇《最新介绍三孔的导游词》，希望能够满足亲的需求。

孔景区导游词精简版 三孔的导游词16700字 篇一

how do you do!

confucius said, "it's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar.". today,with this famous saying of confucius, i welcome you to visit qufu, confucius'hometown. i'm your local tour guide. i hope you can have a better understandingof the three confucius culture through my explanation. i hope you have a goodtime here and have a good time. before entering the scenic area, please allow meto give you a brief introduction of sankong scenic area and qufu. qufu islocated in the southwest of shandong province, with a population of 620000 and atotal area of 890 square kilometers. the word "qufu" first appeared in shao explained in the eastern han dynasty that there was a fu in the cityof lu, and weiqu was seven or eight li long, so it was named "qufu". the tourguide service of the association, in 1012 ad, was once renamed "xianyuan" countyto commemorate the birth of xuanyuan yellow emperor, the ancestor of the chinesenation. in the seventh year of emperor taizong's tianhui, it was also renamedqufu, and has been used since then.

wanren palace wall: now our location is just outside the south gate of theancient city of qufuming, which is called wanren palace wall. there are four bigcharacters "wanren palace wall" right above the gate. "ren" is an ancient unitof length, one ren is about 8 feet, equivalent to 1.6 meters now. it is saidthat some people praised confucius' disciple zigong for his knowledge. afterhearing that, zigong said, "human knowledge is like a palace wall. my knowledgeis only as high as the top of the wall. but confucius, my teacher, has severalwalls. if you don't find its door, you can't see the beauty of the temple in thewall.". in order to show his worship of confucius, emperor qianlong of qingdynasty ordered people to hang the four characters "wanren palace wall" on thewall.

1、 confucius temple

overview of confucius temple: confucius temple is a temple dedicated toconfucius, a thinker, statesman and educator in our country during the springand autumn period,

confucius temple is the largest and oldest one. it has become one of thethree ancient buildings in china along with the forbidden city and summerresort. the temple is 1130 meters long, 168 meters wide from east to west,covering an area of 150000 square meters. the whole complex is divided into ninecourtyards arranged symmetrically. there are five halls, one ancestral temple,one pavilion, one altar, two verandas, two halls, 17 stele pavilions, 53gatehouses, a total of 466. the building area is about 16000 square ius temple is known as "solitary example" in the history of worldarchitecture. it integrates history, architectural culture, art, calligraphy,stone carvings and ancient tombs. it is the crystallization of the wisdom ofancient laborers in our country. it is a precious historical and culturalheritage. in 1961, it was announced as the first batch of cultural relicsprotection units by the state council. in 1994, it was listed as a worldcultural heritage by unesco. in 20__, it was listed as a national 5a touristattraction.

"jinshengyuzhen" square: it is the first gate square of confucius was built in the 17th year of jiajing reign of ming dynasty. it is 5.6 metershigh and 13.5 meters long, with octagonal columns. on the top of the column,there is a armored animal guarding against heaven and evil. on the lintel, theinscription "jin sheng yu zhen" is written by hu zuanzong, a great calligrapherof the ming dynasty. the four words "jin sheng yu zhen" come from mencius. usingthe meaning of mencius, it expresses confucius' consummate knowledge, just likethe whole process of playing music, which is complete from beginning to t music begins with the ringing of a bell and ends with the striking of achime. praising confucius for his learning is like the sound of gold and sound of gold is the sound of a bell, indicating the beginning, and thesound of jade is the sound of a chime, indicating the end. this is also thesource of the idiom "doing things from beginning to end". "two cypresses bearone hole": passing yuzhenfang, this single hole stone arch bridge is called"panshui bridge", which is connected with the water in the pan pool beside thepalace, so it is called "pan water". in the past, when i read the book ofconfucius and mencius, i was admitted to higher education, which is called"entering hope". officials hope to be promoted, do business, hope to get rich,and live a prosperous life. there is an ancient cypress on both sides of thebridge, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". after the bridge, thereare two stone tablets on the east and west, which are engraved with "officialsand people waiting to dismount here", and called "dismounting stele". in thepast, civil and military officials and common people passed by, so they had todismount and get off the sedan chair to show their respect for confucius."lingxing gate": this gate is called "lingxing gate". it was built in the mingdynasty. "lingxingmen" was inscribed by qianlong. there are two or eight starsin the sky, and the one in charge of culture is called "lingxing", also known aswenqu star. connecting confucius with the star in charge of culture in the skyis enough to prove that confucius' culture stone is the highest. the ancientsworshipped the heaven, first of all, they worshipped wenqu star. there is asaying that respecting confucius is like respecting heaven. you see, the squareis 10.34 meters high and 13 meters wide. the columns are cut up and down. theintersection of the two sections is supported by a strong stone column. on thehead of the column are the portraits of the four heavenly kings, and in themiddle are the pearls of fire. it means that the door is protected by gate was rebuilt from wood to iron beams and stone columns.

dazhongmen: dazhongmen is the main gate of the confucius temple in the songdynasty. it was rebuilt in the qing dynasty. the three words "dazhongmen" wereinscribed by emperor qianlong. its original name was gonghemen, and later it wasrenamed dazhongmen. the large and medium-sized facade is extended to 5 rooms,which is a single eaves building on the top of the mountain. on the one hand, wecan see the continuous expansion of confucius temple, on the other hand, we cansee the historical evolution of confucius temple.

chenghua stele: the chenghua stele we see now is the most famous one in theconfucius temple, which was set up by zhu jianshen, the emperor of chenghua inthe ming dynasty. there are two things that have attracted the attention of yourcelebrities. first, chenghua tablet's regular script is well written,standardized, exquisite and attractive; the second is the highest evaluation ofconfucius. emperors of all dynasties have commented on confucius. the highestevaluation is emperor chenghua. he compares confucius' ideas and methods toeating, dressing and spending money. one day is inseparable from them. withconfucius' principles and methods, one can make the best use of one's talents,materials and land. otherwise, it will be a mess. it is said that if there isconfucius' way, there will be a world. if there is no confucius' way, there willbe no world. if there is anti confucius' way, there will be no world.

tongwenmen: take the meaning of tongwenmen. that is to say, only withconcerted efforts and unity can we do a good job; the writing should be unified,only with unified writing can we record the experience of historicalcommunication, and random writing will lead to confusion. tongwen gate is animportant barrier in front of kuiwen pavilion.

kuiwen pavilion: the wooden structure building in front of us is called"kuiwen pavilion". originally known as the library, kuiwen pavilion is a placefor collecting the secretary of the emperor. it was first built in the songdynasty. there are seven rooms on three floors. this magnificent building ismade entirely of wood, without riveting. like building blocks, it has become an"isolated example" in the history of chinese architecture. after severalearthquakes, "kuiwenge" was not destroyed. during the reign of kangxi, there wasa great earthquake in qufu, "houses in the world are nine, but there is one".however, kuiwenge stands upright and safe, which shows the wisdom and superbarchitectural art of the ancient working people in our country.

thirteen stele pavilions: now we enter the sixth courtyard of confuciustemple. there are 13 stele pavilions and 55 steles. they were established intang, song, yuan, ming and qing dynasties. most of the inscriptions are writtenin chinese, ba si ba and manchu, which are records of the emperor's posthumoustitle and seal, temple worship and temple renovation. in order to show himself,the qing emperor built the stele pavilion in front of it, which led to theappearance of courtyard. this kind of architecture structure is called"intrigue" in ancient architecture. there are eight steles in the south and fivesteles in the north. eight in the south and five in the north, so it is calledthe thirteen stele pavilion. because they were all stele pavilions approved bythe emperor, it is also called "imperial stele pavilion".

dachengmen: now we enter dachengmen, "dachengmen" refers to dachengmen,which was rebuilt by fire in the qing dynasty. the three characters ofdachengmen were inscribed by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty.

master hand planted cypress: the cypress tree in dachengmen was planted byconfucius. according to records, confucius once planted three trees here, andthen two died. this tree withered three times and thrived three times. there isalso a saying that "when the cypress tree grows more and more, the kong familygrows more and more.". the five characters of "the first teacher planted cypressby hand" were written by yang guangxun, a talented man in wanli period of mingdynasty. apricot altar: the "apricot altar" in front of us was built in the songdynasty to commemorate confucius' lectures. it is said that confucius taught tohis disciples under the big apricot tree on the platform. because there areapricot trees around here, it is called "apricot altar". in the pavilion ofxingtan, there are two steles. on the front of one stele is engraved the"xingtan fu" written by emperor qianlong when he first came to qufu, which isregular script. on the back is the running script inscribed by emperor qianlongwhen he came to xingtan for the second time. dacheng hall: the hall standing infront of us is the world-famous "dacheng hall". it is one of the "three mainhalls" in china. it is as famous as the "taihe hall" in the forbidden city inbeijing and the "tianfu hall" in the dai temple in taishan mountain. itsmagnificence is more than it can be. the hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meterswide and 24.8 meters deep, with carved beams and painted buildings. the goldenwall is brilliant, especially the 28 stone pillars around it. they are all worldcultural treasures. they are all carved with whole stones. the front 10 are deepreliefs, with two dragons playing with pearls on each pillar. they are coiledand rising, lifelike, powerful and varied. in the past, when the emperor came,the kong family wrapped the column in yellow cloth. i'm afraid they'll beashamed if they see it. the dragon pillars on both sides and the back porch arebas reliefs, with 72 dragons per pillar, a total of 1296. there is a statue ofconfucius in the dacheng hall. every year, on september 26 and 28, we hold agrand international confucius culture festival and a ceremony to commemorate thebirth of confucius. we perform large-scale music and dance for confucius and"xiao shao music and dance" and hold a variety of cultural and tourismactivities. welcome to our time. two verandahs: the houses on the east and westsides of dacheng hall are called "two verandahs", which are places where thelater generations worship the sages and scholars. most of the worthy confuciansare famous figures in the later confucian school. in the tang dynasty, therewere only more than 20 people. by the time of the republic of china, there were156 people. these people were originally portraits. in the jin dynasty, theywere statues. in the chenghua period of the ming dynasty, they were all woodentablets with names on them, and they were consecrated in shrines. now there arestone carvings of all ages on display in the two verandas.

bedroom hall: turn back along the corridor of dacheng hall, then you cometo the bedroom hall. the bedchamber is a place for offering sacrifices toconfucius' wife. it is the third largest building of confucius ius' wife was born in song dynasty in the late spring and autumn guan, who had a compound surname, married confucius at the age of 19. he wasa good wife and mother and died seven years before confucius. he was honored as"the lady of the supreme sage". enjoy sacrifice as confucius. there are 28 stonepillars carved with phoenix. each pillar is carved with 72 phoenix, the samenumber as the dragon. so it's called "long feng cheng xiang"

yuhonglou legal stickers: the 572 "yuhonglou legal stickers" displayed hereare descendants of confucius in the qianlong period of the qing dynasty.

kong jisu collected the handwriting of the famous calligraphers of the pastdynasties and copied it. these stone carvings were originally placed in theyuhong building of the "twelve fu" in qufu. they were moved to the confuciustemple in 1951 and displayed in 1964. they are of great artistic value forcalligraphy lovers.

temple of miracles: the last building of confucius temple. it was built inthe wanli period of the ming dynasty and was presided over by the censor hechuguang. there are 120 paintings and stone carvings in the hall, which reflectthe main activities and remarks of confucius' life. it is the first stonecarvings with complete character stories in our country.

2、 confucius mansion

front hall building of confucius' mansion: it is the place where confucius'76th generation grandson kong lingyi and his wife live. here you can experiencethe living room of the royal palace of the feudal dynasty. the existing qiantangbuilding was rebuilt in the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty, witheast and west buildings on both sides. it was built in the qing dynasty. hung inthe middle of the hall are four big characters written by kong lingyi, whichmeans that the kong family will remain prosperous and vigorous forever.

confucius' mansion: adjacent to the confucius temple, it is the residenceof confucius' eldest son and grandson. it has three roads, nine courtyards andconfucius' mansion, also known as "yansheng mansion". "yan sheng" means that"sheng dao" and "sheng yi" can be inherited from generation to generation. largescale construction was carried out in the qing dynasty. this is the confucianmansion, which is a typical building in our feudal society.

confucius' greedy wall: there is a unicorn shaped animal on the door ofconfucius' house called "greedy". it is said that this animal is very viciousand can swallow gold and silver. although it is full of treasures at its feetand around, it is still not satisfied and wants to eat the sun in the sky. it isreally "greedy". in the past, confucius painted greedy paintings here, and youcan see them when you go out it is also a warning to our children andgrandchildren not to be corrupt and pervert the law.

hall: it is the place where emperor yan read the imperial edict, metofficials, tried cases, and held ceremonies on festivals and birthdays. itdisplays the first-class nobility. on the north side of the wall, those goldlettered signs on a red background are the symbols of nobility and privilege,commonly known as "eighteen cloud tiles". with these brands, yan shenggong hasbeen able to travel freely in beijing.

second hall: it was the place where yan shenggong met with officials abovegrade four and was entrusted by the emperor to take the examination of rites andmusic for the imperial court every year. there are seven royal steles in thehouse, including the stele of "fu shou" written by emperor daoguang of the qingdynasty, the character of "shou" written by the kind empress dowager and thepicture of pine and crane.

third hall: also known as the retreat hall, is the place where yanshenggong deals with family disputes and punishes servants in the house. theplaque of "six generations of han yi" hanging in the middle of the house waswritten by emperor qianlong. at that time, six generations of confucius lived inthe same hall. this plaque means that the six generations lived in harmony andhad a happy life.

inner house gate: after the three halls, it is the inner house part ofconfucius' mansion, also known as inner house courtyard. the inner door isseparated from the outside. this gate is heavily guarded and no one is allowedto enter without permission. the emperor of qing dynasty specially granted threepairs of weapons, namely huwei stick, yanyi boring and jintou jade stick. thegatekeeper stood in front of the door with weapons, and those who disobeyed theorders were punished severely. on the west side of the door, there is a specialwater tank, shiliu, which is exposed outside the wall. according to theregulations of the government, the water bearer is not allowed to enter theinner house, but only pour the water into the inner wall of the tank to flowinto the inner house.

front upper room: it is the living room for the master of confucius toreceive his close relatives and jinzhi people. it is also the main place forthem to hold family banquets and weddings and funerals. the room is decoratedwith gorgeous furnishings, cultural relics and antiques.

houtanglou: the residence of kongdecheng, the seventy seventh generation ofconfucius. kong decheng was born in 1920. less than two months after he wasborn, he was appointed by the then president xu shichang as the emperor ofxifeng. in 1935, he was awarded the title of "the most holy and venerableofficial of dacheng" by nanjing national government. she married ms. sun qifangin 1936. most of the time after that, he was in chongqing and nanjing with thenational government, and moved from nanjing to chinese taiwan on the eve of theliberation of the mainland in 1949.

back garden of confucius mansion: it was built in the 16th year of hongzhiin ming dynasty. after three major repairs, it covers an area of more than 50mu. in the jiaqing period of the qing dynasty, when kong qingfei, the 73rdgeneration grandson of confucius, rebuilt the garden, he placed several largeiron ores in it, so it was also called "iron mountain garden". among them, "fivecypress baohuai" is a cypress tree in the middle and a sophora tree around, soit is called five cypress baohuai. it's a wonder in the garden. it symbolizesthe confucius family's family life of mutual love, mutual assistance and mutualaid for hundreds of years.

3、 kong lin

kong lin: it is the cemetery of confucius and his family. it is the longestand largest family cemetery in the world. konglin is located on the northernsurabaya of qufu city, covering an area of 3000 mu. there are four types ofchinese classical architecture: palace, garden, mausoleum and temple. theconfucius temple in confucius' mansion embodies the characteristics of palaceand garden temple, while the confucius forest is a kind of mausoleum and ius temple and confucius mansion show the profundity of confucius thoughtand the solemnity of your family. kong lin embodies the glory of confucius andhis descendants after their death. since confucius was buried with his wife,people planted trees for the beginning of confucius forest. after more than twothousand years of continuous expansion of more than 70 belts, a large area ofkong family cemetery kong lin was gradually formed.

shinto: out of the north gate of fucheng, there is a road leading toguling, so you call it konglin shinto. in the ancient concept, shinto was thechannel sent by the gods when confucius accepted the sacrifice. the whole shintois paved with green stones, and the ancient cypresses are arranged on both sidesof the shinto until the door of konglin. they come in different shapes,

介绍三孔的导游词 篇二

山东，中国古老文化的发祥地之一，这片伟大的土地不仅有名山大川、碧波万顷，而且在漫长的文明历史发展过程中孕育了非常灿烂的文明。山东的名胜古迹、山水风光举不胜举。

各位游客、各位先生、小姐，一路辛苦了，欢迎您来孔庙。

尊敬的游客朋友，女士们，先生们，你们好！欢迎各位来到孔子的家乡曲阜参观游览，同时也感谢您选择我作为您此次游览的向导。我是曲阜旅行社的导游员张某，大家可以叫我小张或者张导。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”下面就让我怀着结识新朋友的欣喜心情，为大家提供导游服务。

孔庙是祭祀孔子的礼制庙宇。孔子是我国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家，被尊为儒家学派的创始人。据记载，孔子生而首上圩顶，似尼丘山之形，故因名丘，字仲尼。

孔子在一生艰辛探索的社会实践中，深入了解和认识了当时社会，逐步创立了儒家思想的基本体系，成为当时著名的政治理论家、教育家、思想家。他创立的儒学思想在中国乃至世界历史上都有着很大的影响。孔子死后第二年(公元前478年)，鲁哀公将孔子生前所居之堂改做“寿堂”，房屋三间，里面陈列着孔子使用过的“衣、冠、琴、车、书”，“因以为庙，岁时奉祀”，即每年按时祭祀。尽管当时孔子已是相当知名的学术大师，但儒家还只是一个学派，孔子的地位不高，所以最初的孔庙也仅仅是孔子的故居。汉代以后，孔子及儒学地位逐渐提高。

据记载，从公元220xx年到解放前，孔庙先后重修扩建七十多次：历经两千余年的历代重修扩充，便得曲阜孔庙形成了规模宏大的古代建筑群。共占地约14万平方米，殿堂阁庑466间，门坊54座，碑亭17座。规模之大，与北京故宫、承德避暑山庄并称为全国三大古建筑群。

孔庙的总体布局是由孔子当年的故居长期发展而来的，至今已有二千四百余年的历史。孔庙建筑发展追求的建筑效果是通过建筑群整体所造成的环境去烘托孔子的丰功伟绩和儒学圣教的高深博大来完成的。因此，孔庙建筑的艺术表现力首先是它的总体布局及建筑序列的完整性；其次是它的个体建筑的处理及每道院落的格局，每个殿、堂、楼、门、亭都充分显示出了各自的重要作用；第三是个体建筑的细微方面，充分体现了我国古代建筑家们在设计和施工方面的无与伦比的建筑艺术成就。在整体建筑方面，孔庙采用古代传统的宫庭式建筑形式。但它经过历史上的多次重修扩建，每当重修扩建的时候，它必然要受到前代孔庙建筑形制、规模等因素限制，然而，孔庙的建筑群体最终成功地利用了先代遗产，既体现了历史遗产的延续，又保持了它的总体的完整性。这种独特的建筑形制是由多种因素促成的。首先，孔庙是孔子故宅扩建而成的，它保存了许多有关孔子的古迹，如故宅井、诗礼堂、鲁壁、金丝堂以及为纪念孔子讲学建造的杏坛等；其次是王者宗庙因素，如门戟之制，前殿后寝之制等；第三是宫庭因素，如天子五门之制，王城角楼之制，东、西华门等；第四是宗族家庙因素，如启圣殿、崇圣祠、家庙等；第五是祭祀因素，在孔庙被祭祀者除孔子、四配、十二哲外，还有先贤先儒、祖先等总数达二百余人，这样为容纳大批的从祀者神位，就须得设立廊庑，由此便形成了廊庑院落。除以上几个因素外，还突出地表现了孔子的圣人地位及孔孟之道的神圣性，如泮池、璧水、牌坊等，并以书楼象征孔子在学术方面的伟大成就。孔庙成功地运用了传统的庭院组合与环境烘托相结合的表现手法，达到了渲染孔子在学术上、教育上的卓越贡献和在古代社会中崇高地位的目的，是中国古代建筑群中别具一格的建筑形制。

孔庙内现有古树一千二百余棵，与宏伟的建筑群相互辉映，特别是夏季，上千只鹭鸟居住在古木之上，形成了孔庙又一独特的景观，鹭鸟已被曲阜市定为市鸟。

万仞宫墙

金声玉振坊

金声玉振坊建于明代嘉靖十七年(公元1538年)，“金声玉振”四字为明代学者胡缵宗手迹，坊上有平面浅雕云龙戏珠，柱顶各设圆雕“辟邪”一只，俗称“朝天吼”，坊后有一座单孔石桥，上设龙陛，名曰“泮水桥”，桥下泮水原上游接古泮池，下游流经明城正南门西水门入护城河。此桥建于清康熙十六年(公元1677年)。

“金声玉振”四字出自《孟子·万章下》，孟子说：“孔子之谓集大成。集大成也者，金声而玉振之也。金声也者，始条理也，玉振之也者，终条理也。”意思是说孔子集圣贤之大成，始终而一。“金声”原意是指我国古代乐器“钟”发出的声音，“玉振”原意是指我国古代乐器“磬”发出的声音，在古代奏乐时以击“钟”为始，击“磬”为终，金声玉振的原意为一首完善的乐曲。孟子将孔子思想比喻为一首完美无缺的乐曲，在这里借用孟子语意，是说孔子思想完美无缺，集古圣贤之大成，以达到绝顶的意思。

棂星门

棂星门建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，原为木质结构，清代乾隆十九年(公元1754年)，衍圣公孔昭焕重修孔庙时，换成石柱铁梁。四根石柱顶端为四大天将，中间平梁上是火焰宝珠，以象征此门由天将守卫而成为参天立地的天门。

棂星，即天田星，最早见于史料的有汉高祖命祀灵星，凡祭天先祭灵星，古人认为灵星“主得士之庆”，专门管官的星。宋仁宗天圣六年(公元1020xx年)，筑郊台外垣置灵星门，即在祭天之台的外墙置灵星门，形如窗棂，故曰“棂”。孔庙设棂星门，意为祀孔如祀天，此见于宋《景定建康志》、《金陵新志》所记。另外，孔庙有碑记：置棂星门“取其疏通之意，以纳天下士”，无论任何地方，只要设有棂星门，那么它的门扇一定是由棂子结构而成，因此有疏通之意，孔庙取此意，以招引天下的文人学士都来学于此。

棂星门外东西两侧，各有一幢下马碑，上刻“官员人等至此下马”，在封建社会，所有来曲阜祭孔的官员，无论职位高低，来到孔庙前见到此碑，须文官下轿，武官下马，以示对孔子的尊崇之意。此碑始立于金明昌二年(公元1191年)，现仅存东面一幢。

太和元气坊

太和元气坊建于明代嘉靖二十三年(公元1544年)，全为石质结构。“太和元气”四字为当时山东巡抚曾铣手书。

“太和”指天地、日月、阴阳会合之气，“元气”原意为形成世界的原始物质，后来，一些唯物主义者将“金、木、水、火、土”这五行称为“原气”，世界上万事、万物都是由五行构成。在这里，“元气”为天地、日月、阴阳会合之气，是生长万物的根本。“太和元气”也就是说孔子思想体现了整个人类思想最精华、最高贵的一面，如同天地生育万物一般，能使人类思想到达一种至高无上的境地。

太和元气坊后为“至圣庙”坊，原名为“宣圣庙”坊，始建年代未查到记载，明弘治十六年(公元1520xx年)的庙图上已有“宣圣庙”坊。清雍正七年(公元1720xx年)改“宣圣庙”为“至圣庙”。此坊为汉白玉石质。“至”即至高无上的意思。

“德侔天地、道冠古今”意思是说孔子对人类做出的贡献如天地一样大，孔子思想是空前绝后，无论古今还是将来，都是至高无上的。

圣时门

圣时门原为孔庙正门，建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，弘治十二年(公元1499年)扩建，清雍正八年(公元1730年)清世宗赐名为“圣时门”。此门建于高台之上，前后御道上各有浮雕云龙戏珠石陛，系明代雕刻。“圣时门”三字为清高宗乾隆手书。

“圣时”二字出自《孟子·万章下》，孟子将中国古代的四位圣人做了比较后指出：“伯夷，圣之清者也；伊尹，圣之任者也；柳下惠，圣之和者也；孔子，圣之时者也”。认为伯夷反对武王灭纣，不食周粟而死，为圣之清者；伊尹，帮助汤灭夏桀，汤死后辅佐外丙，仲壬死后立汤孙太甲即位，因太甲破坏汤法，被伊尹放逐，三年后太甲悔过，又被伊尹接回复位，孟子称伊尹为圣之任者；柳下惠是春秋时期鲁国大夫，他曾三次被贬黜而仍留任，人问他为什么不离开，他回答说：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”后来，齐攻鲁，他派人到齐劝说退兵，没用一兵一卒，就退了齐军，所以孟子说他是圣之和者。通过比较，孟子认为孔子是圣之时者，终始而一的圣人，是最适合时代的圣人，无论任何一个时期，任何一个朝代，孔子思想都应成为正统思想。

璧水桥

进来圣时门，豁然洞开，很大的方形庭院内，古木参天，芳草如茵，东西对称各有一腰门，对面三架拱桥掩跨璧水，半掩着弘道大门，加之石制盆景上缀，使人心旷神怡，无不动情，顿觉进入了“神”的境界。崇圣者仰之弥高，观览者先睹为快。与此情此景相连接，东边腰门曰“快睹”，西边腰门曰“仰高”。“快睹”寓先睹为快之意，“仰高”则出自《论语·子罕》。“仰之弥高，钻之弥坚”意说孔子之道高深不可测，抬头向上看，越看越高，学习孔子的思想学说，一旦入进门来，才感到里面的东西学无止境。此二门建于明代弘治十二年(公元1499年)。过去只有皇帝祭祀才可走正门，一般人只能从仰高门进庙。

前面一水横穿，三桥纵跨，环水有雕刻石栏，因水“壅绕如璧”取名“璧水”。北京天安门前有金水，这里设“璧水”意为孔子庙宇与皇宫等同，三桥因而得名璧水桥。始建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，明弘治十二年(公元1499年)增添石栏，河身砌有河底，原河上为小墙，清康熙十六年(公元1677年)将小墙改为石栏杆。

弘道门

弘道门始建于明代洪武十年(公元1377年)，原门三间，当时是孔庙的正门。明弘治年间重修孔庙时，改建为五间。清代雍正八年(公元1730年)，雍正皇帝钦定为“弘道门”，后由乾隆皇帝题写“弘道”二字竖匾立于门额。

弘道门下现有石碑两幢，东碑是元代刻成的“曲阜县历代沿革志”，记载了曲阜在元代以前的历史沿革概况，具有较高的史料价值。西碑是元代“处士王先生墓志铭”，颇有书法价值。二碑原立于曲阜城东旧县村，1964年移入孔庙。

大中门

大中门是宋代孔庙的正门，始建于宋代，明弘治十二年(公元1499年)重修。“大中门”三字匾额系清高宗乾隆手书。

大中门两侧各有绿瓦拐角楼一座，各三间，平面作曲尺形，建在方形高台之上，这两个角楼与孔庙后面东西两角楼形成的矩形轮廓，即是元代孔庙的轮廓。孔庙内的主要建筑物都在此轮廓之内。角楼建于元至顺二年(公元1331年)。孔庙设角楼是仿照宫庭皇城角楼之制而建成的，意使孔庙像皇宫一样威严。

同文门始建于宋代，原为三间，明代成化年间扩为五间。清康熙年间名曰“参同门”，清雍正七年(公元1720xx年)改为同文门。此门是一独门，左右无墙。以前中国传统的宫殿式建筑，在主体建筑之前常有小型建筑作为屏障，以表示庄严，同文门就担当着奎文阁的屏障作用。“同文门”三字为清高宗乾隆手书。

奎文阁

奎文阁原名藏书楼，始建于宋代，重檐五间，金明昌六年(公元1195年)改为三檐，赐名“奎文阁”。明弘治十七年(公元1520xx年)改为七间，清高宗乾隆皇帝题写阁匾。

奎文阁东西阔30.1米，南北深17.62米，高23.35米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，檐下八根八棱石柱，内部结构为层叠式木架，阁两层，中间夹暗层，原上屋藏御赐经书，暗层藏印板，下层藏御香帛。

“奎”，星名。二十八宿之一。传说为西方白虎之首，共有16颗星，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，《孝经》上讲“奎主文章”，后人进一步将奎星说成是“文官之首”。所以，金章宗为赞颂孔子是天下文官主，将原藏书楼命名为“奎文阁”。

奎文阁自明弘治十七年(公元1520xx年)扩建以来，经历了几百年风风雨雨和上百次地震，在西面碑亭内有块碑记载了清代康熙年间一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，即说百分之九十的房屋倒塌，而奎文阁安然无恙。到本世纪八十年代初，奎文阁因历年久远，加之多年失修，有些木质糟朽，阁上方扭斜，于是由国家文物局主持，组织古建筑专家联合拟出修复方案，拨款120余万元，比原定工期提前一年将奎文阁重新整修。整修完的奎文阁，完全保持了原有的规格和风貌。

奎文阁廊下东、西各有一幢石碑，东为《奎文阁赋》，由明代著名诗人李东阳撰文，著名书法家乔宗书写。西为《奎文阁重置书籍记》，记载了明正德六年(公元1520xx年)刘六、刘七率农民起义军攻占曲阜、占领孔庙，“秣马于庭，污书于池”，将奎文阁藏书“焚毁殆尽”以后，皇帝“又命礼部颁御书以赐”的情况。清代奎文阁中的藏书又有增添，清晚期将藏书移入孔府保存。

奎文阁内现为孔子圣迹图陈列。孔子圣迹图现存三套，一是明代圣迹图绘画，二是明代雕刻圣迹图木板，三是明万历年间的圣迹图石刻。这里陈列的系明木板圣迹图印本。圣迹图全套120幅，描绘了孔子一生主要活动。

十三碑亭

过奎文阁便是十三碑亭院，院内有十三座碑亭，保存了唐、宋、金、元、明、清及民国时期所设立碑刻57块，南排中间两座碑亭系元代至元五年(公元1268年)和元大德六年(公元1320xx年)建的；次外两座系金代明昌六年(公元1195年)所建，其它均为清代建筑。按孔庙的建筑发展，清代碑亭应建在大中门前，清皇帝为了显示自己，将碑拥挤在各碑亭之前，故在此院内出现了双檐穿插交错的拥挤现象。因此有人说这种建筑结构犬牙交错，两角相顶，巨檐相交，是古建筑学上所讲的“勾心斗角”，“勾心斗角”见于《阿房宫赋》，至于其建筑结构是什么样子，已无法确知。

十三碑亭内碑文的内容均为历代帝王、大臣们修庙、祭庙、告庙之类的记录。从书法上看，真草隶篆、座座不同，其中有蒙古文、满文与汉文对照石碑，通过十三碑亭可窥见出历代建筑技术的发展变化。

大成门

大成门在宋代初年叫仪门。宋崇宁三年(公元1120xx年)因大成殿得名大成门。原门三间，明弘治十二年和清雍正二年两次着火后重修，清世宗雍正题匾。此门用黄瓦、彩绘斗拱，前后各用四根石柱擎檐，前后中央四根深雕云龙蟠柱，其余四根为浅雕花纹，前后台阶中有浮雕龙陛，均为明代中期雕刻。此处并五门，将孔庙分成三路，东为承圣门，院内为奉祀孔子上五代祖先的地方。西为启圣门，内奉祀孔子父母。中路三门并立，东西各有掖门，东为金声门，西为玉振门，中路为祭祀孔子夫妇及历代先贤先儒的地方。

先师手植桧

大成门里东侧有一石栏，栏内有一棵桧树，相传为孔子亲手所植。

此树最早记载见于唐人封演所著《封氏闻见记》：“兖州曲阜文宣王庙内并殿西、南，各有柏叶松身之树，各高五、六丈，枯槁已久，相传夫子手植，永嘉三年其树枯死”。手植桧树原有三株，于晋怀帝永嘉三年(公元320xx年)枯死。隋大业十三年(公元620xx年)复生，唐乾封二年(公元667年)又枯；宋康定元年(公元1040年)再生，金贞佑二年(公元1220xx年)毁于兵火。到此，相传原孔子手植桧树绝迹。元至元三十一年(公元1294年)由三氏学堂教授张 将原东庑废墟上发出的桧树苗移栽于此地，即为第四代手植桧。明弘治十二年(公元1499年)孔庙着火，此树被烧死，仅存树身；清雍正二年(公元1720xx年)再次着火，烧毁树身，仅存下约半米高的树桩。树桩一直保存到“文革”前，“文革”初期被锯掉树桩，现石栏内尚保留有第四代树的树根。现在挺挺高耸的桧树是清雍正十年(公元1732年)复生的再生桧。因此，如果算孔子亲植，那么正好是第五代树。现手植桧高大劲拨，围有二人合抱，枝冠似伞，树身似铜，高达十五、六米，树头向南倾斜，不知为什么，清代复生的手植桧树的形状竟和明代万历年间的圣迹图石刻上原手植桧的形状几乎完全一致。有人认为这个与地理位置有关系，不知能否解释清了。仔细想来，似乎有些道理。

先师手植树历来受到重视，“此桧日茂则孔氏日兴”，将它和孔氏子孙的命运联系在一起。宋代米元章(米芾)将手植桧与封建统治者的命运联系在一起，有诗为证：“矫龙怪，挺雄质，二千年，敌金石，纠治乱，如一昔”。

树东立有一碑《先师手植桧》，此碑立于明万历二十八年(公元1620xx年)，字体酣畅，浑厚有力，是明代杨光训手书。

杏坛

宋代以前孔庙内并没有杏坛。现杏坛的位置是宋代以前孔庙的正殿。宋天禧二年(公元1020xx年)，孔子第四十五代孙孔道辅监修孔庙，将正殿扩建，位置后移。为纪念孔子讲学，在原正殿旧址“除地为坛，环植以杏”，即筑一个土台，周围植杏树，名曰“杏坛”。金代在坛上建亭，元世祖至元四年(公元1267年)重修，明穆宗隆庆三年(公元1569年)重建。

杏坛是纪念孔子讲学的地方，最早记载见于《庄子·渔父篇》，“孔子游乎缁帷之林，坐休乎杏坛之上，弟子习书，孔子弦歌鼓琴”。至于原来没有杏坛，或者说有杏坛在什么地方已无法考证了。一般来说《庄子》上面的记载是比较可信的，但《庄子》下篇一般认为是伪作，而《渔父篇》出自《庄子》下篇。因此，对于原杏坛的记载真伪难辨，尚不得考证。

杏坛内现有石碑两幢，背东面西一碑为金承安三年(公元1198年)文人党怀英篆书“杏坛”二字，由孔子五十一代孙孔元措立石于亭内的，面南一碑为清高宗乾隆手书的《杏坛赞》，写道：“重来又值灿开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙”。

大成殿

大成殿是孔庙的主体建筑，是祭祀孔子的中心场所。宋崇宁三年(公元1120xx年)据《孟子》“孔子之谓集大成”语意，诏名文宣王殿曰“大成”。赞颂孔子思想空前绝后，完美不缺，集古圣贤之大成。

大成殿始建于宋天禧二年(公元1020xx年)。现在看到的大成殿是清雍正时期火后重建的。大成殿阔九间，深五间，主殿高24.8米、阔45.69米、深24.85米，重檐九脊，黄瓦飞甍，斗拱交错、雕梁画栋。四周有回廊，顶端檐吻足有一人之高，前檐下为十根浮透雕水磨大石柱，柱高5.98米，直径0.81米，每柱二龙对翔，盘绕升腾，中刻宝珠，四绕云焰，下饰莲花石座。从底到上全部雕刻深邃，云龙腾起如飞，神态各异，远而望之，祥云之中蛟龙盘旋飞舞，使人无不感到惊讶万分。大成殿两侧回廊和后面回廊下的18根石柱为八棱八面柱，上有浅雕云龙戏珠，每一面为九龙戏珠，每根柱上就有72条龙。

殿下有双层台基，前有高二米的大露台，东西宽约45米，南北35米，南有两层大型浮雕龙陛，四周围以双层石栏，石栏下东西南三面共突出24个石雕螭首。双层石栏设计规整古雅，有复道四通。大露台是祭祀孔子时舞蹈奏乐的地方。整个大成殿气势雄伟，结构整齐，规模宏大，突兀凌空，金箔贴裹，群龙竞飞，具有明显的东方建筑特色。与北京故宫太和殿、泰安岱庙里宋天贶殿并称为东方三大殿。

大殿内有9座大型神龛，17座塑像。中间一座是孔子，孔子像坐高3.35米，头戴十二旒冠冕，身穿十二章王服，手捧镇圭。孔子在历史上被尊为文宣王后曾经有过争论，唐玄宗开元十七年(公元739年)追谥孔子为“文宣王”，著王者之服，但此“王”并不确切，因为“王”有君王和侯王区分，有人认为应属君王之“王”，也有人认为应属侯王之“王”。宋真宗大中祥符二年(公元1020xx年)“加冕九族，服九章，从上公制”。因此看来，宋以前“文宣王”之“王”应属侯王之“王”，以后随着孔子地位进一步升高而被确认为君王之“王”。所以孔子身着的服装是十二章西周的王服(天子之制)。

孔子两侧神龛内为四配，东位面西的复圣颜回和述圣孔伋，西位面东的是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟轲。四配塑像坐高2.6米，身穿九章公服，手执躬圭，如古代上公礼制。其后还有“十二哲”塑像。

大成殿内除17座塑像外，还有10方巨匾(有的还未复原)，正中是康熙皇帝手书的“万世师表”，光绪皇帝的“斯文在兹”，两侧是咸丰和道光的，南面是乾隆皇帝的“时中立极”等，门外正中“生民未有”是雍正皇帝的手书。

寝殿

大成殿后是寝殿。寝殿，是祭祀孔子夫人的地方。孔子夫人是春秋末期宋国人，复姓亓官，十九岁嫁给孔子，先孔子七年去世。关于亓官氏的情况典籍中记载较少，宋大中祥符元年(公元1020xx年)，真宗赵恒追封孔子夫人“郓国夫人”，元代至顺三年(公元1332年)，被加封为“大成至圣文宣王夫人”，明嘉靖八年(公元1520xx年)孔子改称为“至圣先师”，她也改称为“至圣先师夫人”。最初鲁哀公立庙时，亓官氏即同孔子一起被祭祀，唐代开始有寝殿专祠，早期曾有过亓官氏的塑像，后改为画像，清雍正年间火后重建时，改为木制牌位，上写“至圣先师夫人神位”，上罩木刻神龛，龛前有供桌。寝殿的建筑年代与大成殿同。周围石柱上的雕刻图案是凤凰牡丹。

东西两庑

玉虹楼法帖

东西两庑北部现陈列玉虹楼法帖。玉虹楼法帖是孔子第六十八代孙、衍圣公孔传铎的第五子孔继涑整理刻成的。孔继涑(公元1727——公元1794)，字体实，一字信夫，号谷园，别号薛谷居士。清乾隆三十三年(公元1768年)举人，候补中书，工书，是当时刑部尚书著名书法家张照的女婿。求学于张照，一生从事书法艺术研究，名重当时，与梁同书齐名，并称南梁北孔。玉虹楼是他的书房号，所以他所整理摹刻的法帖称为“玉虹楼法帖”。玉虹楼石刻共584块，拓印装裱成101册，故又称“百一帖”。整个玉虹楼法帖雕刻精益求精，由孔继涑独家刻成，是我国珍贵的书法珍品，具有很高的鉴赏和研究价值。

圣迹殿

孔庙的最后一座殿是圣迹殿。圣迹殿造型古雅，建于明代万历二十年(公元1592年)，由巡按御史何光主持建造的。他搜集了有关孔子的画像和文献资料，交由吴郡画工章草补充绘画并刻成石刻，这就是我国最早的完整石刻连环画——“圣迹之图”。圣迹殿是专门为存放《圣迹图》而建造的。《圣迹图》每幅高38厘米，宽60厘米，文图并茂，共120幅，描绘了孔子一生的主要活动。

故宅门

故宅门里是当年孔子的故居原址。虽不引人注目，但却是孔庙中最古老的地方。最初的孔庙就在这里。里面御赞碑亭一间，据说是孔子生前所居之堂的位置。

孔子家住阙里，故宅门所对的街道即是阙里街，阙指石阙。汉代在此街南首建有石阙两个，元代扩修孔庙时移入孔庙，“里”是指乡里即村庄或街道，因石阙得名阙里。

游客朋友们，孔庙的游览到此结束了，感谢各位在讲解中对我的支持和帮助，如果讲解过程中有什么不足之处，请多多批评指正，欢迎大家再次光临孔庙，再次光临曲阜，谢谢大家！

孔景区导游词精简版 三孔的导游词15900字 篇三

shandong, one of the birthplaces of ancient chinese culture, is a greatland with not only famous mountains and rivers, but also splendid civilizationin the long history of civilization. there are numerous places of interest andscenic spots in shandong.

dear tourists, ladies and gentlemen, you have worked hard all the e to the confucius temple.

dear tourist friends, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to qufu, confucius'hometown, and thank you for choosing me as your guide. i'm zhang, a tour guideof __ travel agency in qufu. you can call me xiao zhang or zhang dao. confuciushas a famous saying: "it's a pleasure to have friends from afar." now let mefeel happy to meet new friends and provide you with tour guide service.

confucius temple is a ritual temple for confucius. confucius is a famousthinker and educator at the end of the spring and autumn period in china, and isrespected as the founder of the confucian school. according to records,confucius was born on the top of the polder, like the shape of niqiu mountain,so because of the name qiu, the word zhongni.

in his life of hard exploration of social practice, confucius deeplyunderstood and understood the society at that time, gradually established thebasic system of confucianism, and became a famous political theorist, educatorand thinker at that time. the confucianism he founded has a great influence inthe history of china and even the world. in the second year after confucius died(478 bc), duke ai of lu changed the hall where confucius lived to "longevityhall". there were three houses, which displayed "clothes, crowns, qin, che, shu"used by confucius, and "because they thought they were temples, they wereworshipped when they were old", that is, they offered sacrifices on time everyyear. although confucius was a well-known academic master at that time,confucianism was only a school, and confucius was not in a high position, so theoriginal confucius temple was only the former residence of confucius. after thehan dynasty, the status of confucius and confucianism gradually improved.

according to records, from 220 a.d. to the time before liberation, theconfucius temple was rebuilt and expanded for more than 70 times. after morethan 20__ years of reconstruction and expansion, the confucius temple in qufuformed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. it covers an area of about140000 square meters, including 466 halls, pavilions, 54 gates and 17 stelepavilions. with its large scale, the palace museum and chengde mountain resortare known as the three major ancient architectural complexes in china.

the overall layout of confucius temple is a long-term development ofconfucius' former residence, which has a history of more than 2400 years. thearchitectural effect pursued by the development of confucius temple is achievedthrough the environment created by the whole building complex to set off thegreat achievements of confucius and the profound and extensive of confucianismand taoism. therefore, the artistic expression of confucius temple architectureis firstly the integrity of its overall layout and architectural sequence;secondly, the treatment of its individual buildings and the pattern of eachcourtyard, and each hall, hall, building, door and pavilion fully shows theirrespective important role; the third is the subtle aspects of individualarchitecture, which fully reflects the unparalleled artistic achievements ofchinese ancient architects in design and construction. in the aspect of overallarchitecture, confucius temple adopts the ancient traditional palace stylearchitecture. however, it has been rebuilt and expanded for many times inhistory. when it is rebuilt and expanded, it is bound to be limited by theshape, scale and other factors of the previous confucian temple. however, thearchitectural group of the confucian temple finally successfully utilized theheritage of the previous generation, which not only reflects the continuation ofthe historical heritage, but also maintains its overall integrity. this uniquearchitectural form is caused by many factors. first of all, the confucius templeis an extension of the former residence of confucius, which preserves manyhistorical sites related to confucius, such as the old house well, poetry hall,lubi, jinsi hall, and the apricot altar built to commemorate confucius'lectures; second, the royal ancestral temple factors, such as the halberdsystem, the front hall and the back bedroom system; third, the palace factors,such as the five gate system of the emperor, the turret system of the royalcity, the east and west huamen, etc; the fourth is the factors of clan andfamily temples, such as qisheng temple, chongsheng temple, family temple, etc.;the fifth is the factors of sacrifice. in addition to confucius, sipei andtwelve philosophers, there are also sages, confucians and ancestors, with atotal number of more than 200 people. in order to accommodate a large number ofworshippers, it is necessary to set up veranda, thus forming veranda addition to the above factors, it also highlights the sage status ofconfucius and the sanctity of confucius and mencius, such as panchi, bishui,memorial archway and so on, and symbolizes confucius' great academicachievements with the book building. confucius temple has successfully used thetraditional combination of courtyard and environment, and achieved the purposeof rendering confucius' outstanding contribution in academic and education andhis lofty position in ancient society. it is a unique architectural form inancient chinese architectural complex.

there are more than 1200 ancient trees in the confucius temple, whichreflect each other with the magnificent buildings. especially in summer,thousands of egrets live on the ancient trees, forming another unique landscapeof the confucius temple. egrets have been designated as city birds by qufucity.

wanren palace wall

jin sheng yu zhen fang

jinshengyuzhen square was built in 1538, the 17th year of jiajing reign ofming dynasty. the four characters of "jinshengyuzhen" are written by huzuanzong, a scholar of ming dynasty. on the square, there is a light carvedcloud dragon playing with pearls. on the top of each column, there is a roundcarving "ward off evil spirits", commonly known as "chaotianhou". behind thesquare, there is a single hole stone bridge, on which there is a dragon, named"panshui bridge". under the bridge, the upstream of panshuiyuan is connectedwith gupanchi, and the downstream flows through the south gate of ming cityxishuimen enters the moat. the bridge was built in the 16th year of the reign ofemperor kangxi of the qing dynasty (1677 ad).

the four characters of "jin sheng yu zhen" come from "mencius · wan zhangxia", mencius said: "confucius is called jidacheng. he who has achieved greatsuccess has a golden voice and a jade. the first is the sound of gold, and thelast is the sound of jade. " it means that confucius is a master of sages andsages. the original meaning of "jin sheng" refers to the sound of "zhong", anancient musical instrument in china. the original meaning of "yu zhen" refers tothe sound of "qing", an ancient musical instrument in china. mencius comparesconfucius' thought to a perfect music. here, to borrow mencius' meaning, itmeans that confucius' thought is perfect and integrates the achievements ofancient sages to reach the top.

lattice star gate

lingxing gate was built in the 13th year of yongle (ad 1415) of mingdynasty. it was originally made of wood. in the 19th year of qianlong (ad 1754)of qing dynasty, it was replaced by stone pillars and iron beams when kongzhaohuan rebuilt the confucius temple. on the top of the four pillars are thefour generals, and on the middle beam are the fire pearls, which symbolizes thatthe gate is guarded by the generals and becomes a towering gate.

lingxing, namely tiantian star, was first seen in the historical data ofthe han emperor gaozu's order to worship lingxing. the ancients believed thatlingxing was a star that "the lord was honored by the scholars" and wasspecially in charge of officials. in the sixth year of emperor renzong of songdynasty (a.d. 1028), a lingxing gate was built on the outer wall of theplatform, which was like a window lattice. there is a gate in the confuciustemple, which means to worship confucius as heaven. this can be seen in therecords of jingding jiankang and jinling xinzhi of song dynasty. in addition,there is a inscription in the confucius temple: the lingxing gate is set up to"dredge it to accommodate the corporal". wherever there is a lingxing gate, itsdoor leaf must be made of lattice structure, so it has the meaning of confucius temple takes this meaning to attract scholars from all over theworld to study here.

in feudal society, all the officials who came to qufu to offer sacrificesto confucius, regardless of their positions, had to get off the sedan chair anddismount the military officials to show their respect for confucius. thismonument was first erected in the second year of the reign of emperor mingchangof jin dynasty (1191 ad), and now only one is left in the east.

taihe yuanqi square

taihe yuanqi square was built in the 23rd year of jiajing in the mingdynasty (1544 a.d.), which is of stone structure. "taihe yuanqi" was written bythe governor of shandong at that time.

"taihe" refers to the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, andyin and yang. "yuanqi" originally means the original material that forms theworld. later, some materialists called the five elements "yuanqi" as "gold,wood, water, fire and earth". everything in the world is composed of fiveelements. here, "yuanqi" is the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon,and yin and yang, which is the basis for the growth of all things. "taihe qi"means that confucius thought embodies the essence and the most noble aspect ofhuman thought. it can make human thought reach a supreme position as theuniverse produces everything.

after yuanqi square of taihe, there was the "zhisheng temple" square,formerly known as the "xuansheng temple" square. there was no record of itsfounding date. there was a "xuansheng temple" square on the temple map in the16th year of hongzhi of ming dynasty (ad 1503). in 1729 ad, xuansheng temple waschanged to zhisheng temple. this square is white marble. "zhi" meanssupreme.

"demou heaven and earth, daoguan ancient and modern" means that confuciuscontributed as much to mankind as heaven and earth. confucius thought isunprecedented, and is supreme in both ancient and modern times and in thefuture.

holy time gate

shengshimen, originally the main gate of confucius temple, was built in the13th year of yongle (ad 1415) of ming dynasty, expanded in the 12th year ofhongzhi (ad 1499), and named "shengshimen" by emperor shizong of qing dynasty inthe 8th year of yongzheng (ad 1730). the gate is built on a high platform, andthere are reliefs on the front and rear royal roads respectively. it is carvedin the ming dynasty. "shengshimen" was written by emperor gaozong of qingdynasty.

the word "shengshi" comes from mencius. after comparing four ancientchinese sages, mencius pointed out: "boyi is the sage of qing dynasty; yiyin isthe sage of ren dynasty; liuxiahui is the sage of harmony; confucius is the sageof time". yi yin helped tang exterminate xia jie, assisted wai bing after tangdied, and established tang sun tai jia to ascend the throne after zhong rendied. because tai jia destroyed tang fa, he was banished by yi yin. three yearslater, tai jia repented and yi yin took him back. mencius called yi yin thesage; liu xiahui was a senior official of the state of lu in the spring andautumn period. he had been demoted three times and remained in office. whenasked why he didn't leave, he replied, "how can we go straight and serve people?why should we go to our parents' country if we do wrong?" later, when qiattacked lu, he sent people to qi to persuade him to withdraw. without a singlesoldier, he withdrew from qi's army, so mencius said that he was the holy comparison, mencius believes that confucius is the sage of the time, the sageof the whole time, is the most suitable sage of the times, no matter in anyperiod, any dynasty, confucius thought should become orthodox thought.

bishui bridge

when you enter the shengshi gate, it suddenly opens. in the large squarecourtyard, there are towering ancient trees, fragrant grass, symmetrical eastand west, each with a waist gate. the three arch bridges on the opposite sidecover the bishui, and half cover the hongdao gate. in addition, the stone bonsaiis decorated on it. it makes people relaxed and happy, and they are all suddenly feel that they have entered the realm of "god". those who worshipthe saints will look up to the top, and those who watch will see it ted with this situation, the east side of the waist gate is called "quickview", and the west side of the waist gate is called "yang gao". "kuai kan"means seeing first, while "yanggao" comes from the analects of confucius ·zihan. it means that confucius' way is high and unfathomable. looking up, thehigher you look, the higher you study confucius' thoughts and theories. once youenter the door, you will feel that there is no end to what you learn. these twogates were built in the 12th year of hongzhi in ming dynasty (1499 ad). in thepast, only the emperor could go through the main gate for sacrifice, and mostpeople could only enter the temple through the yanggao gate.

in front of a water across, three bridges longitudinal span, ring water hascarved stone column, because the water "around such as bi" named "bi water".there is jinshui in front of tiananmen gate in beijing, where bishui meansconfucius temple is the same as the imperial palace, so the third bridge isnamed bishui bridge. it was first built in the 13th year of yongle (ad 1415) ofming dynasty. in the 12th year of hongzhi of ming dynasty (ad 1499), stonerailings were added. the river body was built with a river bottom. the originalriver was built with small walls. in the 16th year of kangxi of qing dynasty (ad1677), the small walls were changed into stone railings.

hongdaomen

hongdaomen was built in 1377, the 10th year of hongwu in ming dynasty. itwas the main gate of confucius temple at that time. when the confucius templewas rebuilt in hongzhi period of ming dynasty, it was rebuilt into five the eighth year of yongzheng (1730 a.d.), emperor yongzheng designated it as"hongdao gate". later, emperor qianlong inscribed the word "hongdao" and erecteda plaque on the gate.

there are two stone steles under hongdaomen. the east stele is the "historyof qufu county" carved in yuan dynasty, which records the history of qufu beforeyuan dynasty and has high historical value. xibei is the epitaph of mr. chushiwang in yuan dynasty, which is of great calligraphy value. the two steles wereoriginally erected in jiuxian village in the east of qufu city and moved to theconfucius temple in 1964.

da zhong men

dazhongmen is the main gate of confucius temple in song dynasty. it wasbuilt in song dynasty and rebuilt in 1499. the three character plaque of"dazhongmen" was written by emperor gaozong of qing dynasty.

there are three green tile corner buildings on both sides of the dazhonggate. the two corner buildings are built on the square high platform in theshape of a curved ruler. the rectangular outline formed by the two cornerbuildings and the east and west corner buildings behind the confucius temple isthe outline of the confucius temple in the yuan dynasty. the main buildings inthe confucius temple are within this outline. the turret was built in 1331 the second year of the yuan dynasty. the corner tower of confucius temple ismodeled on the corner tower of imperial city, which means that confucius templeis as majestic as imperial palace.

tongwenmen was built in song dynasty. it was originally three rooms, andexpanded to five rooms in chenghua period of ming dynasty. it was called"shentongmen" in the reign of emperor kangxi of the qing dynasty, and changed totongwenmen in the seventh year of yongzheng of the qing dynasty (1729 ad). thisdoor is a single door, no wall on the left and right. in the past, intraditional chinese palace style architecture, small buildings were often usedas barriers before the main building to show solemnity. tongwen gate acted as abarrier for kuiwen pavilion. "tongwenmen" was written by emperor gaozong of qingdynasty.

kuiwen pavilion

kuiwenge, formerly known as the library, was built in the song dynasty withfive double eaves. in the sixth year of jinmingchang (ad 1195), it was changedinto three eaves and was named "kuiwenge". in the 17th year of hongzhi in mingdynasty (1504 ad), it was changed into seven rooms. emperor qianlong of gaozongof qing dynasty inscribed a plaque on the pavilion.

kuiwen pavilion is 30.1 meters wide from east to west, 17.62 meters deepfrom north to south, and 23.35 meters high. it has triple cornices, four layersof brackets, and eight octagonal stone columns under the eaves. the internalstructure is a laminated wooden frame, with two layers of pavilion and a darklayer in the middle.

kui, the name of the star. one of the 28 sleepers. it is said that it isthe head of the white tiger in the west, with a total of 16 stars, "buckled andhooked, like a painting of words". in the book of filial piety, it is said that"the article of kui master", and later generations further described kui star as"the head of civil servants". therefore, in order to praise confucius as a civilservant, jin zhangzong named the original library kuiwen pavilion.

kuiwen pavilion has experienced hundreds of years of ups and downs andhundreds of earthquakes since it was expanded in 1504. in the west pavilion,there is a tablet recording a major earthquake in the kangxi period of qingdynasty, "nine houses in the world, one in the world". that is to say, 90% ofthe houses collapsed and kuiwen pavilion was safe and sound. by the early 1980s,kuiwen pavilion had been in disrepair for many years. some of the wood wasrotten and the top of the pavilion was twisted. under the leadership of thestate administration of cultural relics, experts on ancient buildings wereorganized to work out a restoration plan. more than 1.2 million yuan wasallocated to renovate kuiwen pavilion one year ahead of the original renovated kuiwen pavilion has completely maintained its originalspecifications and style.

there are two stone tablets in the east and west of kuiwenge ge fu in the east is written by li dongyang, a famous poet in mingdynasty, and qiao zong, a famous calligrapher. in the west is kuiwenge resetbooks record, which records that in 1511, liu liu and liu qi led the peasantuprising army to capture qufu and occupy the confucius temple. after they burnedkuiwenge's books, the emperor ordered the ministry of rites to issue imperialbooks. in the late qing dynasty, the collection of books in kuiwen pavilion wasmoved to confucius' residence for preservation.

kuiwen pavilion is now on display with the pictures of confucius' holyrelics

介绍三孔的导游词 篇四

孔林，是孔子及其家庭的专用墓地，也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地，位于曲阜城北泗水之上，占地三千余亩，周围垣墙高3米，厚1.5米，长 14.5华里。在这里既可考春秋之葬，证秦汉之墓，又可研究我国历代政治、经济、文化的发展和丧葬风俗的演变历史。 孔林也是目前我国最大的人造园林。相传孔子死后，“弟子各以四方奇木来植，故多异树”。林内有各种树木10万多株，数百种植物。在万木掩映之中，碑石林 立，石像成群，除一批著名的汉碑移入孔庙保护外，林内尚有唐、宋、金、元、明、清各代石碑3600多块，又称得上名副其实的碑林。 过去墓地的“风 水”，被孔子的后代视作“命根子”。例如，清光绪三十年(1920xx年)，勘测津浦铁路时，原计划经过曲阜，离孔林西墙很近。当时的衍圣公孔令贻得此消息十分着急，向朝廷连递几件呈文，说铁路将“震动圣墓”，“破坏圣脉”，使祖宗灵魂不得安宁。结果铁路到曲阜拐了个大弯，向西南绕行。如果没有这档子事，现在人们坐火车到曲阜游览，就不用先到兖州下车，然后改乘汽车了。

大门 孔林大门始建于明代，清代重修。进入孔林大门是一条长约1华里的甬道，迎面高大的门楼叫“观楼”，俗称“二林门”。此门原是古鲁国城北门。大门到二门这一段，是孔林前突出的部分，类似古代城市建筑的月城。

孔尚任墓 位于孔林东北隅，墓碑上书“奉直大夫户部广东清吏司员外郎东塘先生之墓”，即是孔尚任墓。孔尚任(1648--1720xx年)，字聘之，号东塘，自称云亭山人，是孔子第六十四代孙，我国清初著名剧作家，其代表作是<<桃花扇>>。他出生书香门弟，因屡试不第，中年隐居曲阜石门山。康熙二十三年(1684年)，康熙皇帝来曲阜祭孔时，他被孔府推荐为引驾官，并给皇帝讲经，深得褒奖，破格提升为国子监博士。赴京任职期间曾到淮杨一带治 河，通过吊古迹，访隐士，搜集野史逸闻，对南明王朝的覆灭经过有了深切的感受。回京后曾任户部主事，员外郎等职。公余致力于戏曲创作。1699年，昆曲名剧<<桃花扇>>传奇脱稿。王公显贵争相传抄，戏班竞相演唱，一时轰动京城。该剧以名士候方域与名妓李香君的爱情故事为主线，广泛而深刻地反映了南明王朝灭亡的历史。次年孔尚任却被罢官回乡，死后葬于此。他一生著述甚丰，另有诗文<<石门山集>>、 <<湖海集>>、<<岸堂文集>>等。

于氏坊 位于孔林北侧，是孔子七十二代孙、衍圣公孔宪培与其妻于氏之墓。于氏原是清乾隆皇帝的女儿，那么为什么改姓于又嫁到孔府的呢？这里还有段小故事。据说乾隆的女儿脸上有块黑痣，相术说，这块痣主灾，破灾的唯一办法是将她嫁给一个有福的人。朝里大臣们议论，天下只有孔圣人的后代最有福。但是当时是满族统治，按规定满汉不能通婚。于是有人给皇帝出主意将女儿认汉族大臣、户部尚书于敏忠为义父，这样以于家的名义嫁到孔府。于氏死后，孔府为其立了这座“鸾音褒德”牌坊。

洙水桥 孔林二门内有一条东西横穿的小河，名曰：“洙水河”，因流经孔子墓前，与“圣脉”攸关，故被后世誉为“灵源无穷，宜与天地共长久”的“圣水”。洙水本是古 代的一条河流，与泗水并称为“洙泗”，后来成为孟子发祥地的代称。古洙水早已湮没。河上有桥三座，左右皆为平桥，中间的一座拱桥在孔子墓前，名曰：“洙水桥”。

孔子墓甬道 洙水桥北迎面绿瓦三楹的高台大门，叫“档墓门”。过此门即是孔子墓甬道。甬道有四对巨型石雕，名曰：华表、文豹、角端、翁仲。华表又称“望柱”，是进“天 门”的标志。文豹形象似豹，腋下喷火，温顺善良。角端传说日行一万八千里，通四方语言，明外方幽远之事。文豹、角端都是想象中的怪兽。翁仲，传说为秦代骁将，威震边塞，后为对称，雕文、武两像，用以守墓。甬道尽头大殿是祭祀孔子设香坛的享殿。解放战争时，朱德总司令曾在此召开过军事会议，所以又成为革命历史文物。

孔子墓 享殿之后红色的墙院内就是孔子及其儿、孙三代的墓地。孔子墓似一隆起的马背，称“马鬣封”，是一种特殊尊贵的筑墓形式。墓前石碑篆刻“大成至圣文宣王墓” 是明正统八年(1443年)黄养正书。孔子于公元前479年去世，当时鲁国国君称他为“尼父”。这是有别于封号的最尊贵的称号。孔子有封号始于公元元年，汉平帝追封孔子为公爵，称“褒成宣尼公”。此后帝王纷纷给孔子封号，至唐开元二十七年(739年)唐玄宗李隆基给孔子谥号“文宣”，始称“文宣王”。到元 武帝于大德十一年(1020xx年)加封为“大成至圣文宣王”后又称“至圣先师”、“大成至圣先师”等等。历代王朝都为孔子的封号选择了最高的赞誉之词，可见孔子思想学说，对历代统治是何等重要。

孔子墓东为其子孔鲤墓，南为其孙孔伋墓。这种墓葬布局为“携子抱孙”以示人衍兴旺。

孔鲤墓 孔子的儿子孔鲤，一生无大作为，年50岁先孔子去世。但因系“圣人”之 子，故被宋徽宗封为“泗水侯”。 子贡庐墓处 孔子墓西三间房屋为子贡庐墓处。子贡，复姓端木，名赐，字子贡，是孔子得意门生之一，也是孔子弟子中善于经商的学生。孔子死后，众弟子为孔子守墓三年，相诀而去，独子贡在此又守三年。后人为纪念此事，建屋三间，立碑一座，题为“子贡庐墓处”。

孔景区导游词精简版 三孔的导游词17500字 篇五

dear guests

hello! entrusted by the tourism and reception departments, i would like toextend a warm welcome to all the guests visiting qufu, a famous city. i am veryglad to be accompanied by a tour guide. this is a good opportunity for us toenjoy and study together. please leave your valuable comments after reading.

first of all, i would like to briefly introduce the history and culturalrelics of qufu.

qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of confucius,a great thinker, educator, politician, literature arranger and sage of the worldin ancient china, the hometown of mencius, the birthplace of xuanyuan yellowemperor, the ancestor of the chinese nation, the capital of yan emperor, thehometown of shang and yin, and the capital of lu. four of the three emperors andfive emperors lived and worked here for more than 5000 years. there are abundanttreasures underground and numerous cultural relics on the ground. at present,there are 112 cultural relics, including un protected units, 3 world culturalheritage sites, 4 national protected sites, 12 provincial protected sites, andothers protected at prefecture level.

the most important ones are "three confucius, two temples and onemausoleum", "three mountains, two forests and one temple". confucius temple,confucius mansion and confucius forest are commonly known as "three confucius".there are temples dedicated to zhou gong, the sage of the yuan dynasty in china,and temples dedicated to fusheng yanhui, the first disciple of confucius, whichare commonly known as "two temples"; yiling is shaohao mausoleum in shouqiu, thebirthplace of yellow emperor; sanshan; and jiuxian mountain (also known asjiushan), the birthplace of confucius. the second forest is: mengmulin, the bestmother to educate children in the world, lianggonglin, the burial place ofconfucius' parents; "yisi" is the place where li bai and du fu wrote poems,answered correctly and parted. the famous scholar kong shangren lived inseclusion in shimen temple, the national garden.

now let's look at the confucius temple.

confucius temple, also known as zhisheng temple, is a place for offeringsacrifices to confucius and his wife qi guan and 72 sages. together with theforbidden city in beijing and chengde summer resort in hebei, confucius templeis known as china's three major ancient architectural complexes. experts saidfour words to confucius temple: the oldest, the most grand, the most completepreservation, and the most prominent oriental architectural features. twoproblems can be seen from the confucius temple: one is the great contribution ofconfucius to china and even the oriental culture; the other is that china hascraftsmen in history.

confucius temple was built in 478 bc, the year after confucius died. in theformer residence of confucius, three temples were built to display confucius'clothes, cars, books and so on. the confucius temple was expanded by emperors ofall dynasties, including 15 major repairs, 31 medium repairs and hundreds ofminor repairs, reaching the present scale. the confucius temple imitates theimperial palace. it is divided into three layout, nine courtyards. it has 466houses and 54 gates and pavilions. it runs through a central axis from east towest. there are nearly one thousand steles, covering an area of 327.5 mu, whichis two li and 150 meters long. the confucius temple we see now is the scale ofthe hongzhi period of the ming dynasty. after liberation, the state allocatedfunds for maintenance and protection for many times. the first batch of nationalkey cultural relic protection units announced by china were listed as worldcultural heritage in december 1994, and became cultural relic units protected bythe united nations. confucius temple has been built for a long time, has a largescale, and is completely preserved, which is rare in the world.

shinto. "wanren palace wall" before the ancient cypress vigorous thissection of the road is "shinto". in front of important temples, there is aspecial way of respecting and understanding, which is called "shinto".

wanren palace wall. this gate is the south gate of ming city in qufu, andit is also the first gate of confucius temple. it is hung with the fourcharacters of "wanren palace wall", which was written by emperor qianlong ofqing dynasty. it comes from zi gong, the proud disciple of confucius. at themeeting of the state of lu, it was proposed that zigong's knowledge was broadand profound, which could be compared with confucius. zigong stood upimmediately and said, i dare not compare with my teacher confucius. humanknowledge is like a wall. my wall is only one ren high, and my teacher's wall isseveral ren high. that is to say, my knowledge is equal to a shoulder high,clear at a glance, nothing profound; confucius' knowledge is several times asmuch as mine, after detailed research, comprehensive discussion, we canunderstand all of him, after entering the door, we can see the beauty of thetemple, you can't see it outside the door. in order to describe confucius'profound knowledge, later generations changed from the master's wall to "hundredren" and "thousand ren" to the emperor of ming dynasty who granted confucius thetitle of "civil servant in the world, imperial teacher of all dynasties", andpraised confucius' knowledge as "ten thousand ren". looking up, we can't see thetop. it also said that the wall was very solid. these four words were originallywritten by the imperial envoy of ming dynasty. in order to show that he attachedgreat importance to confucius, qianlong replaced his imperial pen with hispersonal letter "wanren palace wall".

jin sheng yu zhen fang. this workshop was built in ming dynasty to expressconfucius' exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process ofplaying music, which is complete from beginning to end. ancient music beginswith the ringing of a bell, which starts with the sound of "the beginning oforder" and ends with the striking of a chime. the sound of "jade vibration" isthe sound of the falling of the chime, which is called "the end of order".praising confucius' knowledge is a great achievement of the sages and sages, soit is called "the sound of gold and the sound of jade vibration". the sound of"golden sound" is the sound of the bell, which starts with the sound of "jadevibration" and ends with the sound of the chime. this is also the source of theidiom "start and finish". "jin sheng yu zhen" was written by hu zuanzong, agreat calligrapher in ming dynasty.

"two cypresses bear one hole". there is an ancient cypress in the east andwest of the single hole stone arch bridge passing yuzhenfang, so it is called"two cypresses bear one hole". this bridge is called "panshui bridge", which isconnected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "panwater". in the past, when i read the book of confucius and mencius, i wasadmitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". officials hope tobe promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life.

dismount monument. outside the temple wall, there are two stone tablets,the xiama tablet and xiajiao tablet, which were set up in 1191 ad. the stele inthe west had been destroyed, and the stele in the east said, "officials andpeople wait to get off here.". in the past, civil and military officials andcommon people passed by, dismounted and walked on foot to show respect forconfucius and confucius temple.

lattice star gate. it was built in the ming dynasty and rebuilt in 1754 was made of wood instead of iron and stone. "lingxingmen" was written byemperor qianlong. it is said that there are twenty-eight constellations in thesky. among them, there is a star in charge of culture called "lingxing", alsoknown as "wenqu star" and "tianzhenxing". it connects confucius with the star incharge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. forexample, in the past, when worshiping heaven, we should first worship "wenqustar". there is a saying that respecting confucius is like respectingheaven.

taihe yuanqi square. this workshop was built in 1544 a.d. in the mingdynasty. it highly praises confucius's idea that "the space universe can nurtureall things.". "the harmony of heaven and earth, the harmony of the four sides,the harmony of yin and yang" is the most basic thing, the harmony of theuniverse and the vitality of the human world. "taihe yuanqi" is written by zengmian, governor of shandong province.

the most holy temple. the "zhisheng temple square" built in the mingdynasty is made of white marble, decorated with flame jewels.

the world of moral mou, the road crown ancient and modern. the east andwest of the taoist temple are lined with a very strange memorial nded by wooden corner edges, there are a thousand heads and ten thousandcontinuations. there are eight monsters under it, which are called "heavendragon and god lion". it is said that it is dignified and inspired, which candrive away evil and uphold justice. in the eastern memorial archway, it waswritten: "demou heaven and earth", saying that the benefits of confucius' ideasto human beings are as high as heaven and earth, and the merits and virtues canbe compared with heaven and earth. the memorial archway in the west reads"daoguan ancient and modern", praising confucius' thoughts and methods, whichare the highest in the world.

holy time gate. the three gates are parallel, the four platforms are thesame as above, and the central panlong. the name of this gate comes frommencius. for the four ancient sages, boyi, yiyin, liuxiahui and confucius,mencius summed up the four saints' holy deeds into four sentences: boyi is thesage of the qing dynasty, yiyin is the sage of the appointed, liuxiahui is thesage of the sum, and confucius is the sage of the time. "shengshi" highlypraises confucius' thought, advocates enduring, and is a sage suitable for thetimes. when the emperor came to qufu to court confucius, he had to kneel downthree times and knock nine times, and walk through the gate of holy time. whenyan shenggong was born, he opened the gate of holy time. all go fast, the gateis high.

let's have a quick look at the gate. that is to say, confucius' knowledgeof "five classics and four books" means that those who learn first have culturefirst, and those who learn first have knowledge first. they compete to learn,and it is a pleasure to see first and read first.

look up at the door. it was named after yan hui's praise of confucius. yanhui said that the teacher's way is to raise the top and drill the bottom. praiseconfucius for his lack of knowledge, which is called "mi gao". it is difficultto understand classical chinese, which is called "mi jian". gao is notunattainable, but can be learned through hard work. yan hui said, "the masterfollowed the rules and was good at attracting people. he learned from me inwriting and said that i was polite." my teacher is good at persuasion, teachingme culture and courtesy.

han stone man. in the pavilion of yanggaomenli, there are two han stonepeople with high historical value. one is the "pavilion leader" (a localofficial of han dynasty), and the other is the pawn of the palace gate. they areall guards in front of the tomb of the king of lu. the stone man is valued bythe ancient scholars of epigraphy, which is of great value to the study of handynasty clothing and writing.

jinshui bridge, this bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front ofthe forbidden city, is also called jinshui bridge, also known as bishui bridge,with three holes arranged in a row and green water rippling.

hongdaomen. crossing jinshuiqiao is the "hongdaomen" appointed by theemperor of ming dynasty, which means "people can promote taoism, not taoism" inthe analects of confucius. confucius is an ordinary literati, why become asaint? praise confucius summed up the experience of sages, especially carryforward the yao, shun, yu tang, civil and military zhou gong's way. "to say thatpeople can command and create everything is to praise people's subjectiveinitiative." there are two stone tablets under the hongdao gate. the four edgedstone tablet in the east is the "history of qufu", which records the history ofqufu's evolution. it was established in the yuan dynasty and has high historicalvalue. in the west is the "epitaph of mr. chushi", which has high calligraphyvalue.

big middle gate. dazhongmen is the gate of confucius temple in songdynasty. it is called "zhonghe gate", which means that problems can be solvedeasily with confucius' thoughts. in the ming dynasty, the temple was renamed as"the great gate of the middle", praising confucius' knowledge as a collection ofhuman knowledge. in the middle, it means "the right way of the world in themiddle, the theorem of the world in the middle". those who leave the middle arenot the right way, but the evil way. that is to say, no left, no right, fair andjust, forward is the mean. there are two turrets at the east and west ends ofdazhong gate, which are used to guard the confucius temple.

tongwenmen, four famous brands, confucian temple. there are four monumentsin the middle gate. the tablet of hongzhi in the west of the ming dynasty talksabout the ethics of the cardinal principles. on the right side of the hongzhimonument is the "confucian temple map" drawn by li dongyang, a talented man ofthe ming dynasty in changsha, hunan province, which is of high value.

chenghua stele was erected by zhu jianshen, the emperor of chenghua in mingdynasty. there are two situations that have attracted the attention ofcelebrities of all ages. first, chenghua tablet's regular script is wellwritten, standardized, exquisite and attractive; the second is the highestevaluation of confucius. emperors of all dynasties have commented on highest evaluation is emperor chenghua. he compares confucius' ideas andmethods to eating, dressing and spending money. one day is inseparable fromthem. with confucius' principles and methods, one can make the best use of one'stalents, materials and land. otherwise, it will be a mess. it is said that ifthere is confucius' way, there will be a world. if there is no confucius' way,there will be no world. if there is anti confucius' way, there will be no as the inscription said: "i only have confucius's way, the world can not bewithout yan, there is confucius's way, then the principle of justice and ethics,everything has its own place..., confucius's way in the world, such as cloth sushu, people's livelihood daily use can not be short of,... born confuciusvertical for the holy, life's safety, benevolence and righteousness in theright, the rise of the teacher's way, from travel 3000, to the holy is thenext."

tongwenmen. the meaning of the word "human heart" is the same as that ofthe text. that is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a goodjob; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record theexperience of historical communication, and random writing will lead toconfusion. tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of kuiwen pavilion.

kuiwen pavilion, originally a library, is a place for collecting booksgranted by the emperor. it was built in the second year of emperor tianxi ofsong dynasty (a.d. 1018), and was changed into "kuiwenge" when jin zhangzongrebuilt it. this unique and majestic building is entirely of wood structure,which is an isolated example in the construction of china building. afterseveral earthquakes, kuiwenge was not destroyed. in the earthquake of kangxi 5years in qing dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one out of ten remained,and kuiwenge remained motionless.". li dongyang, the minister of the ministry ofofficial in ming dynasty, wrote "kuiwenge fu", praising the architecturalresearch value of kuiwenge. it's the stele at the east end of the corridor.

in front of the pavilion, the eastern and western courtyards are called"zhaisu", which is a place for worshippers to fast and bathe. dongyuan is theresidence of yan shenggong, where kangxi and qianlong spent their time to west courtyard is the shelter of the sacrificial staff. kong zhaoxun, theseventy-one generation grandson of confucius, inlaid more than 130 steles in thetemple for worshiping confucius in the song, yuan, ming and qing dynasties onthe wall of the courtyard, so xizhaisu is also known as the stele courtyard.

thirteen stele pavilions. this is the sixth courtyard of the confuciustemple. there are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were erected in tang, song,jin, yuan, ming and qing dynasties. the contents of the steles are the emperors,imperial envoys' worship of confucius, the posthumous title and evaluation ofconfucius. the records of the previous construction of the confucius temple arewritten in han, manchu, mongolian and basiba languages. eight in the south andfive in the north, so it is called thirteen stele pavilions. because they areall steles approved by the emperor, they are also called imperial stelepavilions. the third and sixth pavilions in the front row from the east werebuilt in the jin dynasty and are rare buildings in china. all the steles arecalled "imperial steles". "mian" is the mascot. it is said that the dragon kinghas nine sons, and it is the eighth son. it loves "wen" and is good at carryingheavy loads. the stone tablet has heavy characters, which is suitable for itscharacteristics. the image should be the dragon head, turtle body, eagle leg andsnake tail.

from the east to the north, the third pavilion is a monument erected byemperor kangxi. beijing xishan stone by the grand canal, economic south andtransported here. experts calculate that the monument weighs 130000 jin. it wassplashed with water and frozen along the way from jining. sometimes it came overon the ice and only went to the land of lying cattle one day. qufu originallyhad good stones, which should be transported from beijing to show the emperor'sattention to confucius. there are two steles in the southeast and southwest ofthe courtyard, all of which are the records of the princes and ministers whobuilt temples and worshipped confucius. the calligraphy value is very high.

there is one gate in the east and one in the west, yucui gate in the eastand guande gate in the west. commonly known as donghuamen, xihuamen.

from here, the confucius temple is divided into three routes. the fivegates are dacheng gate, jinsheng gate on the left, yuzhen gate on the right,qisheng gate on the west and chengsheng gate on the east. the architecturalstructure of dachengmen is "intertwined, intriguing". the center is inserted as"hook center", and the top of the left and right four corners is "bucket angle".the three characters of dachengmen were written by emperor yongzheng. praiseconfucius is a collection of sages and sages, reached the supreme realm.

the first teacher planted juniper by hand. the tall and vigorous cypresstree on the left of dacheng gate was planted by confucius. according to records:confucius cut three cypress trees here. in the second year of jin zhenyou (a.d.1214), they were destroyed by fire. the trees withered and sprouted newbranches. there were "three withers and three glories", and there was a sayingthat "cypress trees were flourishing every day.". during the wanli period of theming dynasty, yang guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five characters: "the firstteacher planted cypress by hand.".

two long corridors. on both sides of the two equal rows of houses, a totalof 80, known as the "east and west veranda", is dedicated to 72 sages. confuciusis known as a disciple of three thousand, 72 people who are proficient in sixarts, literature and martial arts, worshipped in the east and west. all theemperors of the past dynasties were entitled to the sages. such as dongzhongshu, han yu, wang mingyang, zhuge liang, kou zhun, yue fei and so on. bythe time of the republic of china, there were 156. the last sage is mr. liangqichao. the original statues and tablets were changed to wooden wu now displays a collection of zhonggui stone carvings before the songdynasty. the most precious national treasures of zhou gongxunzi and batpracticing medicine are 22 stone inscriptions of han and wei dynasties. the"ritual stele", "yiying stele", "shichen stele", "zhang menglong stele" and "mifu stele" with extremely high calligraphy value are rare treasures. there aremore than 100 pieces of "han dynasty stone carvings" on display in xiwu. theyare all well-known art treasures and precious materials for the study of han,wei and other historical and social life. there are 584 stone inscriptions ondisplay at the north end of the east veranda, which are the yuhonglou sutraswritten by kong jisu, the 69 generation grandson of confucius.

apricot altar. it was built in memory of confucius' lecture. confucius wasteaching to his disciples on the platform under the big apricot tree. in 1018a.d. of song dynasty, confucius had 45 generations

孔景区导游词精简版 三孔的导游词5200字 篇六

dear visitors:

everybody is good! on behalf of overseas travel service to welcome everyone to my dream home, car folk tourist sightseeing. after a long journey, everyone hard all the way. my name is * *, i'm your guide, you can call me little *. this is the driver zhao masters, he drove for many years, has a wealth of experience, in his car, you may rest assured. if you have any requirements please do not hesitate to put forward, we will do all we can solve for you. hope our service can let everybody through a happy happy journey. car creek adjacent to the three gorges, is located in yichang in jiangnan tucheng township, named because of its many mills. wading, along the way there are eight major scenic spots: shi xiangu, bachu home garden, farm museum, wintersweet gorge, pagoda valley, cloud dragon wat, wind tunnel and lotus valley. been to car stream of people, regard her as his dream home. here water spirit mountains, folkway of primitive simplicity, natural landscape and human resources together.

car creek, beautiful natural landscape strange, for 3 km long micro valley, still holds the quaternary glacial period remains down, of the world rare denizens of wintersweet community of more than 3000 acres, is known as the "three gorges plant wonders". dragon cloud wat is car creek natural landscape, especially the lotus cave in the natural formation of the lotus petals, "the three gorges special skill". car creek accumulate rich historical culture, is the adaptation of the ba culture and chu culture area, in order to display past tujia customs, restored the bachu home garden scenic area, launched the first peasant museum, the three gorges region carrying paper mill, the mill, distillery had, tao fang, water trucks and agricultural production and living appliances. you can see the "bamboo into paper, clay into pottery, corn into wine," the whole process of, still can try, the beauty of own experience working. endless agrestic breath like clear spring and moisten your heart to your heart, let you across time and space, back to the old age. stream into the car, went into a quiet fairyland arcadia.

stream into the car, he walked into the period of the past.

faint stream into the car, he walked into the dream home. in the interest of time, we mainly visit the cottage museum today, look at the customs of a vehicle stream; to cloud dragon in wat, appreciate the natural beauty car creek. first of all, we come to is the museum of peasant, in the form of "home", to "agriculture" as the theme, reflecting the tujia culture, is the first in the province to reflect rural daily life daily life, the plot of the grain farming as a museum, as well as the province's first museum organized by civil society groups, and therefore has a very high value of art appreciation and historical research.

car culture is the aggregation of bachu culture, she is extensive and profound, has a long history. the year of the millennium, build "cottage museum", in this to condense the bachu amorous feelings of the mountains, pure water, heavy mining, sorting, protection and development of car culture.

keep a period of time, frames a piece of history, is our mission and responsibility. car creek ancestors thousands of years of breeding, leaving children successors rich cultural heritage. "cottage museum" in unique novel proposition, complete, original car creek ancients production life history and a splendid culture collect cars on show in front of your eyes, and reproduce the historical pictures, give you the most appropriate, the most real feeling.

"cottage museum" built in accordance with the early style car creek people dwelling, display car creek ancients laogeng grain and living supplies. local guqing, forever is the theme of human sentiment. to go back to my dream home, agrestic breath smell strong mountains, is a trend also look forward to!

thought the vernacular of love now we came to the grandeur of the wat is dragon cloud.

dragon cloud wat is the belly car creek, natural scenery, is a veritable treasure trove of traditional chinese medicines. in more than 1000 square meters, within the scope of the distribution of more than 100 kinds of plants, including all kinds of chinese herbal medicine for more than a third.

present landscape called small waterfall cave, "a small waterfall cave" due to the hole above a row of water such as bead curtain hanging the name. hole has a huge dragon taking off, all-powerful. in a small waterfall cave is also a hidden dragon, an earthworm, individual wave put tail, patches of green light scales, like the echo hole day dragon. bypass the earthworm, visible and seven stocks drop in a row like pearls scattered on stone curtain, ding dong, said "the lyre." nearby slopes around the humanoid stone pile, this is luo hanlin. the ocean's here, after the number, says there are 500, also someone says there are 800, height or size, stand sit line down, expression, living a luo hantu.

now you see is the long-awaited lotus cave. lotus hole hole had spring is very strange, it that perennial water. through the geological department test, it contains a variety of elements beneficial to human body, is a kind of natural high quality mineral water high strontium low sodium, called "eight qualities of water". the shape of the hole has many deep yellow like lotus petals, there are many shows the distribution of the trapezoidal small pool, this is the rare geological wonders - lotus pond in the country. it is actually a kind of chemical sediment, the formation of lotus petals began 1 million years ago. deep in the lotus pond, like da-zhai terraced layers, orderly. filled with green water "the field", shades, shallow ruler xu, deep zhangs, each layer of "terrace", tian kan from natural stalactite bricks, dark yellow, tian kan modelling is like lotus petals, small petals about seven or eight meters, large petals 20 or 30 m, no matter look from down to up or looked down from the top, like thousands of lotus. amazing.

good time always let a person feel short, our car creek journey was over. thank you very much for my work support and cooperation. what do i have the place with bad also please comment more. the last hope that this visit will give you leave a good unforgettable memories, i once again, thank you. wish everyone healthy body, all the best. see you later.

孔概况导游词 篇七

各位游客、各位先生、小姐，一路辛苦了，欢迎您来孔庙。

尊敬的游客朋友，女士们，先生们，你们好！欢迎各位来到孔子的家乡曲阜参观游览，同时也感谢您选择我作为您此次游览的向导。我是曲阜旅行社的导游员张某，大家可以叫我小张或者张导。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”下面就让我怀着结识新朋友的欣喜心情，为大家提供导游服务。

孔庙是祭祀孔子的礼制庙宇。孔子是我国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家，被尊为儒家学派的创始人。据记载，孔子生而首上圩顶，似尼丘山之形，故因名丘，字仲尼。

孔子在一生艰辛探索的社会实践中，深入了解和认识了当时社会，逐步创立了儒家思想的基本体系，成为当时著名的政治理论家、教育家、思想家。他创立的儒学思想在中国乃至世界历史上都有着很大的影响。孔子死后第二年(公元前478年)，鲁哀公将孔子生前所居之堂改做“寿堂”，房屋三间，里面陈列着孔子使用过的“衣、冠、琴、车、书”，“因以为庙，岁时奉祀”，即每年按时祭祀。尽管当时孔子已是相当知名的学术大师，但儒家还只是一个学派，孔子的地位不高，所以最初的孔庙也仅仅是孔子的故居。汉代以后，孔子及儒学地位逐渐提高。

据记载，从公元220xx年到解放前，孔庙先后重修扩建七十多次：历经两千余年的历代重修扩充，便得曲阜孔庙形成了规模宏大的古代建筑群。共占地约14万平方米，殿堂阁庑466间，门坊54座，碑亭17座。规模之大，与北京故宫、承德避暑山庄并称为全国三大古建筑群。

孔庙的总体布局是由孔子当年的故居长期发展而来的，至今已有二千四百余年的历史。孔庙建筑发展追求的建筑效果是通过建筑群整体所造成的环境去烘托孔子的丰功伟绩和儒学圣教的高深博大来完成的。因此，孔庙建筑的艺术表现力首先是它的总体布局及建筑序列的完整性；其次是它的个体建筑的处理及每道院落的格局，每个殿、堂、楼、门、亭都充分显示出了各自的重要作用；第三是个体建筑的细微方面，充分体现了我国古代建筑家们在设计和施工方面的无与伦比的建筑艺术成就。在整体建筑方面，孔庙采用古代传统的宫庭式建筑形式。但它经过历史上的多次重修扩建，每当重修扩建的时候，它必然要受到前代孔庙建筑形制、规模等因素限制，然而，孔庙的建筑群体最终成功地利用了先代遗产，既体现了历史遗产的延续，又保持了它的总体的完整性。这种独特的建筑形制是由多种因素促成的。首先，孔庙是孔子故宅扩建而成的，它保存了许多有关孔子的古迹，如故宅井、诗礼堂、鲁壁、金丝堂以及为纪念孔子讲学建造的杏坛等；其次是王者宗庙因素，如门戟之制，前殿后寝之制等；第三是宫庭因素，如天子五门之制，王城角楼之制，东、西华门等；第四是宗族家庙因素，如启圣殿、崇圣祠、家庙等；第五是祭祀因素，在孔庙被祭祀者除孔子、四配、十二哲外，还有先贤先儒、祖先等总数达二百余人，这样为容纳大批的从祀者神位，就须得设立廊庑，由此便形成了廊庑院落。除以上几个因素外，还突出地表现了孔子的圣人地位及孔孟之道的神圣性，如泮池、璧水、牌坊等，并以书楼象征孔子在学术方面的伟大成就。孔庙成功地运用了传统的庭院组合与环境烘托相结合的表现手法，达到了渲染孔子在学术上、教育上的卓越贡献和在古代社会中崇高地位的目的，是中国古代建筑群中别具一格的建筑形制。

孔庙内现有古树一千二百余棵，与宏伟的建筑群相互辉映，特别是夏季，上千只鹭鸟居住在古木之上，形成了孔庙又一独特的景观，鹭鸟已被曲阜市定为市鸟。

万仞宫墙

金声玉振坊

金声玉振坊建于明代嘉靖十七年(公元1538年)，“金声玉振”四字为明代学者胡缵宗手迹，坊上有平面浅雕云龙戏珠，柱顶各设圆雕“辟邪”一只，俗称“朝天吼”，坊后有一座单孔石桥，上设龙陛，名曰“泮水桥”，桥下泮水原上游接古泮池，下游流经明城正南门西水门入护城河。此桥建于清康熙十六年(公元1677年)。

“金声玉振”四字出自《孟子·万章下》，孟子说：“孔子之谓集大成。集大成也者，金声而玉振之也。金声也者，始条理也，玉振之也者，终条理也。”意思是说孔子集圣贤之大成，始终而一。“金声”原意是指我国古代乐器“钟”发出的声音，“玉振”原意是指我国古代乐器“磬”发出的声音，在古代奏乐时以击“钟”为始，击“磬”为终，金声玉振的原意为一首完善的乐曲。孟子将孔子思想比喻为一首完美无缺的乐曲，在这里借用孟子语意，是说孔子思想完美无缺，集古圣贤之大成，以达到绝顶的意思。

棂星门

棂星门建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，原为木质结构，清代乾隆十九年(公元1754年)，衍圣公孔昭焕重修孔庙时，换成石柱铁梁。四根石柱顶端为四大天将，中间平梁上是火焰宝珠，以象征此门由天将守卫而成为参天立地的天门。

棂星，即天田星，最早见于史料的有汉高祖命祀灵星，凡祭天先祭灵星，古人认为灵星“主得士之庆”，专门管官的星。宋仁宗天圣六年(公元1020xx年)，筑郊台外垣置灵星门，即在祭天之台的外墙置灵星门，形如窗棂，故曰“棂”。孔庙设棂星门，意为祀孔如祀天，此见于宋《景定建康志》、《金陵新志》所记。另外，孔庙有碑记：置棂星门“取其疏通之意，以纳天下士”，无论任何地方，只要设有棂星门，那么它的门扇一定是由棂子结构而成，因此有疏通之意，孔庙取此意，以招引天下的文人学士都来学于此。

棂星门外东西两侧，各有一幢下马碑，上刻“官员人等至此下马”，在封建社会，所有来曲阜祭孔的官员，无论职位高低，来到孔庙前见到此碑，须文官下轿，武官下马，以示对孔子的尊崇之意。此碑始立于金明昌二年(公元1191年)，现仅存东面一幢。

太和元气坊

太和元气坊建于明代嘉靖二十三年(公元1544年)，全为石质结构。“太和元气”四字为当时山东巡抚曾铣手书。

“太和”指天地、日月、阴阳会合之气，“元气”原意为形成世界的原始物质，后来，一些唯物主义者将“金、木、水、火、土”这五行称为“原气”，世界上万事、万物都是由五行构成。在这里，“元气”为天地、日月、阴阳会合之气，是生长万物的根本。“太和元气”也就是说孔子思想体现了整个人类思想最精华、最高贵的一面，如同天地生育万物一般，能使人类思想到达一种至高无上的境地。

太和元气坊后为“至圣庙”坊，原名为“宣圣庙”坊，始建年代未查到记载，明弘治十六年(公元1520xx年)的庙图上已有“宣圣庙”坊。清雍正七年(公元1720xx年)改“宣圣庙”为“至圣庙”。此坊为汉白玉石质。“至”即至高无上的意思。

“德侔天地、道冠古今”意思是说孔子对人类做出的贡献如天地一样大，孔子思想是空前绝后，无论古今还是将来，都是至高无上的。

圣时门

圣时门原为孔庙正门，建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，弘治十二年(公元1499年)扩建，清雍正八年(公元1730年)清世宗赐名为“圣时门”。此门建于高台之上，前后御道上各有浮雕云龙戏珠石陛，系明代雕刻。“圣时门”三字为清高宗乾隆手书。

“圣时”二字出自《孟子·万章下》，孟子将中国古代的四位圣人做了比较后指出：“伯夷，圣之清者也；伊尹，圣之任者也；柳下惠，圣之和者也；孔子，圣之时者也”。认为伯夷反对武王灭纣，不食周粟而死，为圣之清者；伊尹，帮助汤灭夏桀，汤死后辅佐外丙，仲壬死后立汤孙太甲即位，因太甲破坏汤法，被伊尹放逐，三年后太甲悔过，又被伊尹接回复位，孟子称伊尹为圣之任者；柳下惠是春秋时期鲁国大夫，他曾三次被贬黜而仍留任，人问他为什么不离开，他回答说：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”后来，齐攻鲁，他派人到齐劝说退兵，没用一兵一卒，就退了齐军，所以孟子说他是圣之和者。通过比较，孟子认为孔子是圣之时者，终始而一的圣人，是最适合时代的圣人，无论任何一个时期，任何一个朝代，孔子思想都应成为正统思想。

璧水桥

进来圣时门，豁然洞开，很大的方形庭院内，古木参天，芳草如茵，东西对称各有一腰门，对面三架拱桥掩跨璧水，半掩着弘道大门，加之石制盆景上缀，使人心旷神怡，无不动情，顿觉进入了“神”的境界。崇圣者仰之弥高，观览者先睹为快。与此情此景相连接，东边腰门曰“快睹”，西边腰门曰“仰高”。“快睹”寓先睹为快之意，“仰高”则出自《论语·子罕》。“仰之弥高，钻之弥坚”意说孔子之道高深不可测，抬头向上看，越看越高，学习孔子的思想学说，一旦入进门来，才感到里面的东西学无止境。此二门建于明代弘治十二年(公元1499年)。过去只有皇帝祭祀才可走正门，一般人只能从仰高门进庙。

前面一水横穿，三桥纵跨，环水有雕刻石栏，因水“壅绕如璧”取名“璧水”。北京天安门前有金水，这里设“璧水”意为孔子庙宇与皇宫等同，三桥因而得名璧水桥。始建于明代永乐十三年(公元1420xx年)，明弘治十二年(公元1499年)增添石栏，河身砌有河底，原河上为小墙，清康熙十六年(公元1677年)将小墙改为石栏杆。

弘道门

弘道门始建于明代洪武十年(公元1377年)，原门三间，当时是孔庙的正门。明弘治年间重修孔庙时，改建为五间。清代雍正八年(公元1730年)，雍正皇帝钦定为“弘道门”，后由乾隆皇帝题写“弘道”二字竖匾立于门额。

弘道门下现有石碑两幢，东碑是元代刻成的“曲阜县历代沿革志”，记载了曲阜在元代以前的历史沿革概况，具有较高的史料价值。西碑是元代“处士王先生墓志铭”，颇有书法价值。二碑原立于曲阜城东旧县村，1964年移入孔庙。

大中门

大中门是宋代孔庙的正门，始建于宋代，明弘治十二年(公元1499年)重修。“大中门”三字匾额系清高宗乾隆手书。

大中门两侧各有绿瓦拐角楼一座，各三间，平面作曲尺形，建在方形高台之上，这两个角楼与孔庙后面东西两角楼形成的矩形轮廓，即是元代孔庙的轮廓。孔庙内的主要建筑物都在此轮廓之内。角楼建于元至顺二年(公元1331年)。孔庙设角楼是仿照宫庭皇城角楼之制而建成的，意使孔庙像皇宫一样威严。

同文门始建于宋代，原为三间，明代成化年间扩为五间。清康熙年间名曰“参同门”，清雍正七年(公元1720xx年)改为同文门。此门是一独门，左右无墙。以前中国传统的宫殿式建筑，在主体建筑之前常有小型建筑作为屏障，以表示庄严，同文门就担当着奎文阁的屏障作用。“同文门”三字为清高宗乾隆手书。

奎文阁

奎文阁原名藏书楼，始建于宋代，重檐五间，金明昌六年(公元1195年)改为三檐，赐名“奎文阁”。明弘治十七年(公元1520xx年)改为七间，清高宗乾隆皇帝题写阁匾。

奎文阁东西阔30.1米，南北深17.62米，高23.35米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，檐下八根八棱石柱，内部结构为层叠式木架，阁两层，中间夹暗层，原上屋藏御赐经书，暗层藏印板，下层藏御香帛。

“奎”，星名。二十八宿之一。传说为西方白虎之首，共有16颗星，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，《孝经》上讲“奎主文章”，后人进一步将奎星说成是“文官之首”。所以，金章宗为赞颂孔子是天下文官主，将原藏书楼命名为“奎文阁”。

奎文阁自明弘治十七年(公元1520xx年)扩建以来，经历了几百年风风雨雨和上百次地震，在西面碑亭内有块碑记载了清代康熙年间一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，即说百分之九十的房屋倒塌，而奎文阁安然无恙。到本世纪八十年代初，奎文阁因历年久远，加之多年失修，有些木质糟朽，阁上方扭斜，于是由国家文物局主持，组织古建筑专家联合拟出修复方案，拨款120余万元，比原定工期提前一年将奎文阁重新整修。整修完的奎文阁，完全保持了原有的规格和风貌。

奎文阁廊下东、西各有一幢石碑，东为《奎文阁赋》，由明代著名诗人李东阳撰文，著名书法家乔宗书写。西为《奎文阁重置书籍记》，记载了明正德六年(公元1520xx年)刘六、刘七率农民起义军攻占曲阜、占领孔庙，“秣马于庭，污书于池”，将奎文阁藏书“焚毁殆尽”以后，皇帝“又命礼部颁御书以赐”的情况。清代奎文阁中的藏书又有增添，清晚期将藏书移入孔府保存。

奎文阁内现为孔子圣迹图陈列。孔子圣迹图现存三套，一是明代圣迹图绘画，二是明代雕刻圣迹图木板，三是明万历年间的圣迹图石刻。这里陈列的系明木板圣迹图印本。圣迹图全套120幅，描绘了孔子一生主要活动。

十三碑亭

过奎文阁便是十三碑亭院，院内有十三座碑亭，保存了唐、宋、金、元、明、清及民国时期所设立碑刻57块，南排中间两座碑亭系元代至元五年(公元1268年)和元大德六年(公元1320xx年)建的；次外两座系金代明昌六年(公元1195年)所建，其它均为清代建筑。按孔庙的建筑发展，清代碑亭应建在大中门前，清皇帝为了显示自己，将碑拥挤在各碑亭之前，故在此院内出现了双檐穿插交错的拥挤现象。因此有人说这种建筑结构犬牙交错，两角相顶，巨檐相交，是古建筑学上所讲的“勾心斗角”，“勾心斗角”见于《阿房宫赋》，至于其建筑结构是什么样子，已无法确知。

十三碑亭内碑文的内容均为历代帝王、大臣们修庙、祭庙、告庙之类的记录。从书法上看，真草隶篆、座座不同，其中有蒙古文、满文与汉文对照石碑，通过十三碑亭可窥见出历代建筑技术的发展变化。

大成门

大成门在宋代初年叫仪门。宋崇宁三年(公元1120xx年)因大成殿得名大成门。原门三间，明弘治十二年和清雍正二年两次着火后重修，清世宗雍正题匾。此门用黄瓦、彩绘斗拱，前后各用四根石柱擎檐，前后中央四根深雕云龙蟠柱，其余四根为浅雕花纹，前后台阶中有浮雕龙陛，均为明代中期雕刻。此处并五门，将孔庙分成三路，东为承圣门，院内为奉祀孔子上五代祖先的地方。西为启圣门，内奉祀孔子父母。中路三门并立，东西各有掖门，东为金声门，西为玉振门，中路为祭祀孔子夫妇及历代先贤先儒的地方。

先师手植桧

大成门里东侧有一石栏，栏内有一棵桧树，相传为孔子亲手所植。

此树最早记载见于唐人封演所著《封氏闻见记》：“兖州曲阜文宣王庙内并殿西、南，各有柏叶松身之树，各高五、六丈，枯槁已久，相传夫子手植，永嘉三年其树枯死”。手植桧树原有三株，于晋怀帝永嘉三年(公元320xx年)枯死。隋大业十三年(公元620xx年)复生，唐乾封二年(公元667年)又枯；宋康定元年(公元1040年)再生，金贞佑二年(公元1220xx年)毁于兵火。到此，相传原孔子手植桧树绝迹。元至元三十一年(公元1294年)由三氏学堂教授张 将原东庑废墟上发出的桧树苗移栽于此地，即为第四代手植桧。明弘治十二年(公元1499年)孔庙着火，此树被烧死，仅存树身；清雍正二年(公元1720xx年)再次着火，烧毁树身，仅存下约半米高的树桩。树桩一直保存到“文革”前，“文革”初期被锯掉树桩，现石栏内尚保留有第四代树的树根。现在挺挺高耸的桧树是清雍正十年(公元1732年)复生的再生桧。因此，如果算孔子亲植，那么正好是第五代树。现手植桧高大劲拨，围有二人合抱，枝冠似伞，树身似铜，高达十五、六米，树头向南倾斜，不知为什么，清代复生的手植桧树的形状竟和明代万历年间的圣迹图石刻上原手植桧的形状几乎完全一致。有人认为这个与地理位置有关系，不知能否解释清了。仔细想来，似乎有些道理。

先师手植树历来受到重视，“此桧日茂则孔氏日兴”，将它和孔氏子孙的命运联系在一起。宋代米元章(米芾)将手植桧与封建统治者的命运联系在一起，有诗为证：“矫龙怪，挺雄质，二千年，敌金石，纠治乱，如一昔”。

树东立有一碑《先师手植桧》，此碑立于明万历二十八年(公元1620xx年)，字体酣畅，浑厚有力，是明代杨光训手书。

杏坛

宋代以前孔庙内并没有杏坛。现杏坛的位置是宋代以前孔庙的正殿。宋天禧二年(公元1020xx年)，孔子第四十五代孙孔道辅监修孔庙，将正殿扩建，位置后移。为纪念孔子讲学，在原正殿旧址“除地为坛，环植以杏”，即筑一个土台，周围植杏树，名曰“杏坛”。金代在坛上建亭，元世祖至元四年(公元1267年)重修，明穆宗隆庆三年(公元1569年)重建。

杏坛是纪念孔子讲学的地方，最早记载见于《庄子·渔父篇》，“孔子游乎缁帷之林，坐休乎杏坛之上，弟子习书，孔子弦歌鼓琴”。至于原来没有杏坛，或者说有杏坛在什么地方已无法考证了。一般来说《庄子》上面的记载是比较可信的，但《庄子》下篇一般认为是伪作，而《渔父篇》出自《庄子》下篇。因此，对于原杏坛的记载真伪难辨，尚不得考证。

杏坛内现有石碑两幢，背东面西一碑为金承安三年(公元1198年)文人党怀英篆书“杏坛”二字，由孔子五十一代孙孔元措立石于亭内的，面南一碑为清高宗乾隆手书的《杏坛赞》，写道：“重来又值灿开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙”。

大成殿

大成殿是孔庙的主体建筑，是祭祀孔子的中心场所。宋崇宁三年(公元1120xx年)据《孟子》“孔子之谓集大成”语意，诏名文宣王殿曰“大成”。赞颂孔子思想空前绝后，完美不缺，集古圣贤之大成。

大成殿始建于宋天禧二年(公元1020xx年)。现在看到的大成殿是清雍正时期火后重建的。大成殿阔九间，深五间，主殿高24.8米、阔45.69米、深24.85米，重檐九脊，黄瓦飞甍，斗拱交错、雕梁画栋。四周有回廊，顶端檐吻足有一人之高，前檐下为十根浮透雕水磨大石柱，柱高5.98米，直径0.81米，每柱二龙对翔，盘绕升腾，中刻宝珠，四绕云焰，下饰莲花石座。从底到上全部雕刻深邃，云龙腾起如飞，神态各异，远而望之，祥云之中蛟龙盘旋飞舞，使人无不感到惊讶万分。大成殿两侧回廊和后面回廊下的18根石柱为八棱八面柱，上有浅雕云龙戏珠，每一面为九龙戏珠，每根柱上就有72条龙。

殿下有双层台基，前有高二米的大露台，东西宽约45米，南北35米，南有两层大型浮雕龙陛，四周围以双层石栏，石栏下东西南三面共突出24个石雕螭首。双层石栏设计规整古雅，有复道四通。大露台是祭祀孔子时舞蹈奏乐的地方。整个大成殿气势雄伟，结构整齐，规模宏大，突兀凌空，金箔贴裹，群龙竞飞，具有明显的东方建筑特色。与北京故宫太和殿、泰安岱庙里宋天贶殿并称为东方三大殿。

大殿内有9座大型神龛，17座塑像。中间一座是孔子，孔子像坐高3.35米，头戴十二旒冠冕，身穿十二章王服，手捧镇圭。孔子在历史上被尊为文宣王后曾经有过争论，唐玄宗开元十七年(公元739年)追谥孔子为“文宣王”，著王者之服，但此“王”并不确切，因为“王”有君王和侯王区分，有人认为应属君王之“王”，也有人认为应属侯王之“王”。宋真宗大中祥符二年(公元1020xx年)“加冕九族，服九章，从上公制”。因此看来，宋以前“文宣王”之“王”应属侯王之“王”，以后随着孔子地位进一步升高而被确认为君王之“王”。所以孔子身着的服装是十二章西周的王服(天子之制)。

孔子两侧神龛内为四配，东位面西的复圣颜回和述圣孔伋，西位面东的是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟轲。四配塑像坐高2.6米，身穿九章公服，手执躬圭，如古代上公礼制。其后还有“十二哲”塑像。

大成殿内除17座塑像外，还有10方巨匾(有的还未复原)，正中是康熙皇帝手书的“万世师表”，光绪皇帝的“斯文在兹”，两侧是咸丰和道光的，南面是乾隆皇帝的“时中立极”等，门外正中“生民未有”是雍正皇帝的手书。

寝殿

大成殿后是寝殿。寝殿，是祭祀孔子夫人的地方。孔子夫人是春秋末期宋国人，复姓亓官，十九岁嫁给孔子，先孔子七年去世。关于亓官氏的情况典籍中记载较少，宋大中祥符元年(公元1020xx年)，真宗赵恒追封孔子夫人“郓国夫人”，元代至顺三年(公元1332年)，被加封为“大成至圣文宣王夫人”，明嘉靖八年(公元1520xx年)孔子改称为“至圣先师”，她也改称为“至圣先师夫人”。最初鲁哀公立庙时，亓官氏即同孔子一起被祭祀，唐代开始有寝殿专祠，早期曾有过亓官氏的塑像，后改为画像，清雍正年间火后重建时，改为木制牌位，上写“至圣先师夫人神位”，上罩木刻神龛，龛前有供桌。寝殿的建筑年代与大成殿同。周围石柱上的雕刻图案是凤凰牡丹。

东西两庑

玉虹楼法帖

东西两庑北部现陈列玉虹楼法帖。玉虹楼法帖是孔子第六十八代孙、衍圣公孔传铎的第五子孔继涑整理刻成的。孔继涑(公元1727——公元1794)，字体实，一字信夫，号谷园，别号薛谷居士。清乾隆三十三年(公元1768年)举人，候补中书，工书，是当时刑部尚书著名书法家张照的女婿。求学于张照，一生从事书法艺术研究，名重当时，与梁同书齐名，并称南梁北孔。玉虹楼是他的书房号，所以他所整理摹刻的法帖称为“玉虹楼法帖”。玉虹楼石刻共584块，拓印装裱成101册，故又称“百一帖”。整个玉虹楼法帖雕刻精益求精，由孔继涑独家刻成，是我国珍贵的书法珍品，具有很高的鉴赏和研究价值。

圣迹殿

孔庙的最后一座殿是圣迹殿。圣迹殿造型古雅，建于明代万历二十年(公元1592年)，由巡按御史何光主持建造的。他搜集了有关孔子的画像和文献资料，交由吴郡画工章草补充绘画并刻成石刻，这就是我国最早的完整石刻连环画——“圣迹之图”。圣迹殿是专门为存放《圣迹图》而建造的。《圣迹图》每幅高38厘米，宽60厘米，文图并茂，共120幅，描绘了孔子一生的主要活动。

故宅门

故宅门里是当年孔子的故居原址。虽不引人注目，但却是孔庙中最古老的地方。最初的孔庙就在这里。里面御赞碑亭一间，据说是孔子生前所居之堂的位置。

孔子家住阙里，故宅门所对的街道即是阙里街，阙指石阙。汉代在此街南首建有石阙两个，元代扩修孔庙时移入孔庙，“里”是指乡里即村庄或街道，因石阙得名阙里。

游客朋友们，孔庙的游览到此结束了，感谢各位在讲解中对我的支持和帮助，如果讲解过程中有什么不足之处，请多多批评指正，欢迎大家再次光临孔庙，再次光临曲阜，谢谢大家！

读书破万卷下笔如有神，以上就是虎知道为大家整理的7篇《最新介绍三孔的导游词》，能够给予您一定的参考与启发，是虎知道的价值所在。